Masquerading: Invalid Code Signature T1036.001

Tactic: Stealth

Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.

Events covered

5 catalog events are tagged with this technique by at least one rule.

Authoring guide

Patterns shared across the 18 rules above: which fields they filter on, what specific values they look for, and what they exclude. The catalog normalizes field names across vendors so Sigma's Image, Elastic's process.name, and Splunk's process_name collapse into one row. Each rule contributes at most once per row.

Fields filtered most (26 distinct)

The fields most rules look at when detecting this technique. The How column shows the operators authors use (eq, wildcard, regex_match, match) and how often each appears. Sample values are concrete examples to start from, not an exhaustive list.

FieldRulesHowSample values
event.type8eq 8, ne 1start, deletion
Image6wildcard 3, eq 1, is_not_null 1, ne 1?:\users\*\downloads\*, ?:\windows\*.exe, ?:\windows\system32\svchost.exe, ?:\windows\syswow64\svchost.exe, c:\intel\*.exe
EventType5eq 4, starts_with 1load, Image loaded, ProcessCreated
dll.name5eq 5Bitsproxy.dll, EdgeGdi.dll, Msfte.dll, TPPCOIPW32.dll, aadauthhelper.dll
Hashes4is_not_null 3, ne 1ddc7a6c3a4b50d23daffe8e364c575fd7df9af9711b14d153b09553ddd3670a0
dll.Ext.relative_file_creation_time4le 4500, 300, 3600
process.code_signature.trusted4eq 3, ne 1false, true
process_name4eq 3, wildcard 2*brave*.exe, *chrome*.exe, *discord*.exe, agentactivationruntimestarter.exe, agentservice.exe
ImageLoaded3wildcard 2, starts_with 1?:\$recycle.bin\, ?:\$recycle.bin\*.dll, ?:\amd\temp\, ?:\amd\temp\*.dll, ?:\intel\
dll.code_signature.trusted3eq 2, ne 1false, true
dll.Ext.relative_file_name_modify_time2le 2500
dll.code_signature.exists2eq 2false
dll.code_signature.status2eq 2errorBadDigest, errorExpired, errorRevoked, errorUntrustedRoot
event.category2eq 2process, library
parent_process_name2eq 2CiscoCollabHost.exe, Discord.exe, Teams.exe, outlook.exe

Top indicator values (3578 distinct)

Specific (field, operator, value) combinations the rules check for, ranked by how many rules under this technique use each one. The Corpus reach column counts how many rules across the entire catalog (any technique) check the same combination. High numbers point to widely-used indicators that are likely noisy on their own; combine them with another condition for useful signal. Blank means the combination is specific to rules under this technique. Click a value to expand the rules under this technique that use it.

FieldKindValueRules (here)Corpus reach
event.typeeq
start
8606
EventTypeeq
load
39
EventTypeeq
ProcessCreated
110
dll.Ext.relative_file_creation_timele
500
23
dll.Ext.relative_file_name_modify_timele
500
24
dll.code_signature.existseq
false
23
dll.code_signature.trustedeq
false
23
dll.nameeq
wbemcomn.dll
22
dll.nameeq
wlanhlp.dll
22
event.categoryeq
process
2128
process.code_signature.trustedeq
false
218
process_ideq
4
211
EventTypestarts_with
Image loaded
110
GlobalPrevalencelt
200
14
Hashesne
ddc7a6c3a4b50d23daffe8e364c575fd7df9af9711b14d153b09553ddd3670a0
1
Imageeq
?:\windows\system32\svchost.exe
1
Imageeq
?:\windows\syswow64\svchost.exe
1
Imagene
c:\program files (x86)\teams installer\teams.exe
1
Imagene
c:\program files\rocketchat\rocket.chat.exe
1
Imagewildcard
?:\users\*\downloads\*
12
Imagewildcard
?:\windows\*.exe
1
Imagewildcard
c:\intel\*.exe
1
Imagewildcard
c:\perflogs\*.exe
1
Imagewildcard
c:\programdata\*.exe
12
Imagewildcard
c:\users\*.exe
12
Imagewildcard
c:\windows\tasks\*.exe
1
Imagewildcard
c:\windows\temp\*.exe
1
ImageLoadedstarts_with
?:\$recycle.bin\
1
ImageLoadedstarts_with
?:\amd\temp\
1
ImageLoadedstarts_with
?:\intel\
1

Exclusions (168 distinct)

Field/operator/value combinations excluded by rules under this technique (top-level not() clauses), sorted by how many rules exclude each. These are the false-positive paths the community has learned to filter out. A new rule that ignores the high-count entries here will likely fire on the same noisy paths. Click a value to expand the rules under this technique that exclude it.

FieldKindValueRules excluding
dll.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorCode_endpoint*
3
dll.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorExpired
3
dll.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorChaining
2
dll.code_signature.statuswildcard
trusted
2
process.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorCode_endpoint*
3
process.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorChaining
2
process.code_signature.statuswildcard
errorUntrustedRoot
2
process.code_signature.trustedeq
true
3
Imagewildcard
?:\users\*\appdata\local\google\chrome\application\chrome.exe
2
Imagewildcard
?:\users\*\appdata\local\island\island\application\island.exe
2
Imagewildcard
?:\users\*\appdata\local\mozilla firefox\firefox.exe
2
Imagewildcard
?:\windows\system32\werfault.exe
2
Imagewildcard
?:\windows\syswow64\werfault.exe
2
dll.code_signature.trustedeq
true
2
process.code_signature.statusstarts_with
errorCode_endpoint
2

Rules under this technique

Every rule in the catalog tagged with this technique, grouped by vendor. Click a rule title for its full predicates, exclusions, and indicators.

Platform (all)
Domain (all)

Elastic 17 rules

Kusto 1 rule