AWS Systems Manager AWS-ssm

13 operations, identified by eventName in the audit log.

eventName	Description
_catch_all	Catch-all entry for AWS-ssm rules that match the service but not a specific eventName.
CreateAssociation	Creates an association between a managed node and a Systems Manager document, defining the configuration state to apply.
CreateDocument	Creates a Systems Manager document that defines the actions to perform on managed nodes.
DescribeInstancePatches	Retrieves information about the patches on a specific managed node and their states relative to the patch baseline.
GetInventory	Queries the Systems Manager inventory, returning aggregated data about managed nodes based on specified filters.
GetInventorySchema	Returns a list of the metadata types currently available to populate a Systems Manager inventory.
GetParameter	Retrieves the value of a single parameter from Systems Manager Parameter Store.
GetParameters	Retrieves the values of one or more parameters from Systems Manager Parameter Store.
ListCommands	Lists the commands sent to managed nodes in the current account and region.
ListInventoryEntries	Lists the inventory entries for a specified managed node and inventory type.
RegisterManagedInstance	Registers an on-premises server or virtual machine with Systems Manager so it can be managed as a managed node.
SendCommand	Runs a Systems Manager document on one or more managed nodes, executing the specified commands or scripts.
StartSession	Initiates a connection to a managed node through AWS Systems Manager Session Manager.

_catch_all: AWS-ssm (catch-all)

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Catch-all entry for AWS-ssm rules that match the service but not a specific eventName.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

CreateAssociation

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Creates an association between a managed node and a Systems Manager document, defining the configuration state to apply.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches DescribeInstancePatches, GetInventory, GetInventorySchema, ListCommands, ListInventoryEntries

CreateDocument

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Creates a Systems Manager document that defines the actions to perform on managed nodes.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Command Document Created by Rare User source low: Identifies when an AWS Systems Manager (SSM) command document is created by a user or role who does not typically perform this action. Adversaries may create SSM command documents to execute commands on managed instances, potentially leading to unauthorized access, command and control, data exfiltration and more.

DescribeInstancePatches

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Retrieves information about the patches on a specific managed node and their states relative to the patch baseline.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches CreateAssociation, GetInventory, GetInventorySchema, ListCommands, ListInventoryEntries

GetInventory

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Queries the Systems Manager inventory, returning aggregated data about managed nodes based on specified filters.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches CreateAssociation, DescribeInstancePatches, GetInventorySchema, ListCommands, ListInventoryEntries

GetInventorySchema

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Returns a list of the metadata types currently available to populate a Systems Manager inventory.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches CreateAssociation, DescribeInstancePatches, GetInventory, ListCommands, ListInventoryEntries

GetParameter

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Retrieves the value of a single parameter from Systems Manager Parameter Store.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`EventType`	in	`GetParameters`	1 rule	elastic
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS Systems Manager SecureString Parameter Request with Decryption Flag source medium: Detects the first occurrence of a user identity accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) SecureString parameters using the GetParameter or GetParameters API actions with credentials in the request parameters. This could indicate that the user is accessing sensitive information. This rule detects when a user accesses a SecureString parameter with the withDecryption parameter set to true. This is a New Terms rule that detects the first occurrence of an AWS identity accessing SecureString parameters with decryption.↳ also matches GetParameters

GetParameters

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Retrieves the values of one or more parameters from Systems Manager Parameter Store.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`EventType`	in	`GetParameters`	1 rule	elastic
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS Systems Manager SecureString Parameter Request with Decryption Flag source medium: Detects the first occurrence of a user identity accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) SecureString parameters using the GetParameter or GetParameters API actions with credentials in the request parameters. This could indicate that the user is accessing sensitive information. This rule detects when a user accesses a SecureString parameter with the withDecryption parameter set to true. This is a New Terms rule that detects the first occurrence of an AWS identity accessing SecureString parameters with decryption.↳ also matches GetParameter

ListCommands

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Lists the commands sent to managed nodes in the current account and region.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches CreateAssociation, DescribeInstancePatches, GetInventory, GetInventorySchema, ListInventoryEntries

ListInventoryEntries

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Lists the inventory entries for a specified managed node and inventory type.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`Provider_Name`	eq	`ssm.amazonaws.com`	1 rule	elastic

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Inventory Reconnaissance by Rare User source medium: Detects the rare occurrence of a user or role accessing AWS Systems Manager (SSM) inventory APIs or running the AWS-GatherSoftwareInventory job. These APIs reveal detailed information about managed EC2 instances including installed software, patch compliance status, and command execution history. Adversaries may use these calls to collect software inventory while blending in with legitimate AWS operations. This is a New Terms rule that detects when a user accesses these reconnaissance APIs for the first time.↳ also matches CreateAssociation, DescribeInstancePatches, GetInventory, GetInventorySchema, ListCommands

RegisterManagedInstance

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Registers an on-premises server or virtual machine with Systems Manager so it can be managed as a managed node.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Sigma #

Malicious Usage Of IMDS Credentials Outside Of AWS Infrastructure source high: Detects when an instance identity has taken an action that isn't inside SSM. This can indicate that a compromised EC2 instance is being used as a pivot point.

SendCommand

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Runs a Systems Manager document on one or more managed nodes, executing the specified commands or scripts.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`EventType`	eq	`SendCommand`	1 rule	elastic
`aws::errorCode`	eq	`Success`	1 rule	sigma
`aws::errorCode`	is_null		1 rule	kusto, panther, sigma
`aws::eventName`	eq	`SendCommand`	1 rule	panther, sigma

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Sigma #

Potential Malicious Usage of CloudTrail System Manager source high: Detect when System Manager successfully executes commands against an instance.

Elastic #

AWS SSM `SendCommand` Execution by Rare User source low: Detects the execution of commands or scripts on EC2 instances using AWS Systems Manager (SSM), such as RunShellScript, RunPowerShellScript or custom documents. While legitimate users may employ these commands for management tasks, they can also be exploited by attackers with credentials to establish persistence, install malware, or execute reverse shells for further access to compromised instances. This is a New Terms rule that looks for the first instance of this behavior by a user or role.

StartSession

Service: AWS-ssm

Description

Initiates a connection to a managed node through AWS Systems Manager Session Manager.

Fields #

Name	Description
`eventName`	The name of the API action that was called.
`eventSource`	The AWS service endpoint that received the request (e.g. iam.amazonaws.com).
`eventType`	CloudTrail event category: AwsApiCall, AwsConsoleSignIn, AwsConsoleAction, AwsServiceEvent, or AwsVpceEvents.
`userIdentity`	The IAM entity that made the request (type, principalId, arn, accountId, sessionContext).
`sourceIPAddress`	IP address of the caller, or the AWS service principal for service-initiated calls.
`awsRegion`	AWS Region the request was made to.
`requestParameters`	Parameters sent with the request. Shape is action-specific; null when none.
`responseElements`	Response elements. Shape is action-specific; null for reads or when absent.
`errorCode`	AWS service error code when the request failed. Absent on success.
`errorMessage`	Description of the error when errorCode is present.

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Elastic #

AWS SSM Session Started to EC2 Instance source medium: Identifies the first occurrence of an AWS user or role establishing a session via SSM to an EC2 instance. Adversaries may use AWS Session Manager to establish a session to an EC2 instance to execute commands on the instance. This can be used to gain access to the instance and perform actions such as privilege escalation.

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)