Identity and Access Management (IAM) GCP-iam.googleapis.com

18 operations, identified by methodName in the audit log.

methodName	Description
any	Catch-all entry for iam.googleapis.com. Source-only rules that attribute to the service without a specific method attribute here. Not a distinct audit log operation.
google-iam-admin-CreateRole	Creates a new custom Role.
google-iam-admin-CreateServiceAccount	Creates a ServiceAccount.
google-iam-admin-CreateServiceAccountKey	Creates a ServiceAccountKey.
google-iam-admin-DeleteRole	Deletes a Role and all associated bindings.
google-iam-admin-DeleteServiceAccount	Deletes a ServiceAccount.
google-iam-admin-DeleteServiceAccountKey	Deletes a ServiceAccountKey.
google-iam-admin-GetIAMPolicy	Gets the access control policy for a resource.
google-iam-admin-SetIAMPolicy	Sets the access control policy on a ServiceAccount.
google-iam-admin-UpdateRole	Updates a Role definition.
google-iam-admin-UpdateServiceAccount	Patches a ServiceAccount.
google-iam-admin-UploadServiceAccountKey	Creates a ServiceAccountKey, obtained from an existing key pair or Google-generated key pair.
google-iam-IAMPolicy-SetIamPolicy	Sets the access control policy on the specified resource. Replaces any existing policy. This method is used by BigQuery, Pub/Sub, and other services that delegate IAM to the shared IAMPolicy service.
google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-DeleteWorkloadIdentityPool	Deletes a WorkloadIdentityPool. You cannot use a deleted pool to exchange external credentials for Google credentials.
google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-UpdateWorkloadIdentityPool	Updates an existing WorkloadIdentityPool.
google-iam-v2-Policies-CreatePolicy	Creates a policy.
google-iam-v2-Policies-DeletePolicy	Deletes a policy.
google-iam-v2-Policies-UpdatePolicy	Updates the specified policy.

any: iam.googleapis.com (any method)

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Catch-all entry for iam.googleapis.com. Source-only rules that attribute to the service without a specific method attribute here. Not a distinct audit log operation.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-CreateRole: Create role

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Creates a new custom Role.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-CreateServiceAccount: Create service account

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Creates a ServiceAccount.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`result`	eq	`true`	1 rule	kusto

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Kusto #

GCP IAM - New Service Account source low: Detects new service account creation.

google-iam-admin-CreateServiceAccountKey: Create service account key

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Creates a ServiceAccountKey.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`result`	eq	`true`	1 rule	kusto

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Kusto #

GCP IAM - New Service Account Key source low: Detects new service account key creation.

YARA-L #

Google Cloud Service Account Key Created or Uploaded source: Detects when a service account key is created in or uploaded to a monitored Google Cloud project.↳ also matches google-iam-admin-UploadServiceAccountKey: Upload service account key

google-iam-admin-DeleteRole: Delete role

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Deletes a Role and all associated bindings.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-DeleteServiceAccount: Delete service account

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Deletes a ServiceAccount.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-DeleteServiceAccountKey: Delete service account key

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Deletes a ServiceAccountKey.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-GetIAMPolicy: Get IAM policy

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Gets the access control policy for a resource.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-SetIAMPolicy: Set IAM policy

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Sets the access control policy on a ServiceAccount.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-UpdateRole: Update role

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Updates a Role definition.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-UpdateServiceAccount: Update service account

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Patches a ServiceAccount.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-admin-UploadServiceAccountKey: Upload service account key

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Creates a ServiceAccountKey, obtained from an existing key pair or Google-generated key pair.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

YARA-L #

Google Cloud Service Account Key Created or Uploaded source: Detects when a service account key is created in or uploaded to a monitored Google Cloud project.↳ also matches google-iam-admin-CreateServiceAccountKey: Create service account key

google-iam-IAMPolicy-SetIamPolicy: Set IAM policy (IAMPolicy service)

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Sets the access control policy on the specified resource. Replaces any existing policy. This method is used by BigQuery, Pub/Sub, and other services that delegate IAM to the shared IAMPolicy service.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Common Indicators #

Field/value combinations most frequently checked by detection rules targeting this event, derived from cross-vendor predicate analysis.

Field	Kind	Value	Rules	Vendors
`action`	eq	`ADD`	1 rule	kusto, splunk

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

Kusto #

GCP IAM - Publicly exposed storage bucket source medium: Detects possible misconfiguration for bucket policy making it publicly available.

YARA-L #

GCP BigQuery Datasets Opened To Public source: Detect when GCP BigQuery datasets are opened to public by adding allUsers or allAuthenticatedUsers to the access policy.

google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-DeleteWorkloadIdentityPool: Delete workload identity pool

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Deletes a WorkloadIdentityPool. You cannot use a deleted pool to exchange external credentials for Google credentials.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

YARA-L #

GCP Workload Identity Pool Disabled Or Deleted source: Detect when GCP Workload identity pools are disabled or deleted. Disabling or deleting a pool will prevent any connected identities from accessing all GCP resources.↳ also matches google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-UpdateWorkloadIdentityPool: Update workload identity pool

google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-UpdateWorkloadIdentityPool: Update workload identity pool

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Updates an existing WorkloadIdentityPool.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

Detection Rules #

View all rules referencing this event →

YARA-L #

GCP Workload Identity Pool Disabled Or Deleted source: Detect when GCP Workload identity pools are disabled or deleted. Disabling or deleting a pool will prevent any connected identities from accessing all GCP resources.↳ also matches google-iam-WorkloadIdentityPools-DeleteWorkloadIdentityPool: Delete workload identity pool

google-iam-v2-Policies-CreatePolicy: Create IAM policy (v2)

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Creates a policy.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-v2-Policies-DeletePolicy: Delete IAM policy (v2)

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Deletes a policy.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

google-iam-v2-Policies-UpdatePolicy: Update IAM policy (v2)

Service: GCP-iam.googleapis.com

Description

Updates the specified policy.

Fields #

Name	Description
`protoPayload.serviceName`	The GCP service endpoint that processed the request (e.g. compute.googleapis.com).
`protoPayload.methodName`	The specific API operation that was audited (versioned form, e.g. v1.compute.instances.insert).
`protoPayload.resourceName`	Scheme-less URI of the resource targeted by the operation.
`protoPayload.authenticationInfo.principalEmail`	Email address of the principal that performed the operation.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerIp`	IP address of the caller.
`protoPayload.requestMetadata.callerSuppliedUserAgent`	User agent reported by the caller.
`protoPayload.authorizationInfo`	List of authorization checks performed (resource, permission, granted).
`protoPayload.request`	API request object (service-specific structure).
`protoPayload.response`	API response object (service-specific structure).
`logName`	Log stream identifier; suffix encodes the audit log type (activity, data_access, system_event, policy).

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)