Detection rules › YARA-L
YARA-L rules: 1u
AWS IAM Activity From EC2 Instance
#Detect AWS IAM activities made by AWS EC2 instances to retain access or escalate privileges.
MITRE ATT&CK Coverage
| Tactic | Techniques |
|---|---|
| Persistence |
Telemetry Coverage
Rule Body
// Copyright 2023 Google LLC. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
rule aws_iam_activity_from_ec2_instance {
meta:
author = "Google Cloud Security"
description = "Detect AWS IAM activities made by AWS EC2 instances to retain access or escalate privileges."
rule_id = "mr_60c7bb2f-2f02-4ac5-bbe0-ba8be871f3fb"
rule_name = "AWS IAM Activity From EC2 Instance"
mitre_attack_tactic = "Persistence"
mitre_attack_technique = "Account Manipulation"
mitre_attack_url = "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/"
mitre_attack_version = "v13.1"
type = "Alert"
data_source = "AWS CloudTrail"
platform = "AWS"
severity = "High"
priority = "High"
events:
$cloudtrail.metadata.vendor_name = "AMAZON"
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_name = "AWS CloudTrail"
$cloudtrail.target.application = "iam.amazonaws.com"
(
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "CreateUser" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "AttachUserPolicy" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "CreateLoginProfile" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "UpdateLoginProfile" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "CreateAccessKey" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "CreateGroup" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "AttachGroupPolicy" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "CreateRole" or
$cloudtrail.metadata.product_event_type = "AttachRolePolicy"
)
$cloudtrail.security_result.action = "ALLOW"
$cloudtrail.principal.ip = $ip
$cloudtrail.principal.resource.type = "AssumedRole"
$cloudtrail.principal.user.userid = /\/i-.*$/ //regex to be improved
re.capture($cloudtrail.principal.user.userid, ":assumed-role/.*/(.*)$") = $instanceId
match:
$ip over 1h
outcome:
$risk_score = max(35)
$mitre_attack_tactic = "Persistence"
$mitre_attack_technique = "Account Manipulation"
$mitre_attack_technique_id = "T1098"
$event_count = count_distinct($cloudtrail.metadata.id)
$network_http_user_agent = array_distinct($cloudtrail.network.http.user_agent)
$principal_ip = array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip)
$principal_ip_country = array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region)
$principal_ip_state = array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state)
$principal_user_display_name = array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.user.user_display_name)
$recipient_aws_account_id = array_distinct($cloudtrail.additional.fields["recipientAccountId"])
$aws_region = array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.location.name)
$target_resource_name = array_distinct($cloudtrail.target.resource.name)
$target_resource_product_object_id = array_distinct($cloudtrail.target.resource.product_object_id)
$ec2_instance_id = array_distinct($instanceId)
condition:
$cloudtrail
}
YARA-L Rule Structure
Condition
Fires when at least one $cloudtrail event in the 1h window.
Events
$cloudtrail
target.application = "iam.amazonaws.com"metadata.product_event_typeis one of:CreateUserAttachUserPolicyCreateLoginProfileUpdateLoginProfileCreateAccessKeyCreateGroupAttachGroupPolicyCreateRoleAttachRolePolicy
security_result.action = "ALLOW"principal.resource.type = "AssumedRole"principal.user.userid matches "\/i-.*$"
Match and Correlation
Outcome
Outcome variables add context to a detection. When the rule generates an alert, $risk_score is displayed with it.
| Field | Expression |
|---|---|
risk_score | max(35) |
event_count | count_distinct($cloudtrail.metadata.id) |
network_http_user_agent | array_distinct($cloudtrail.network.http.user_agent) |
principal_ip | array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip) |
principal_ip_country | array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region) |
principal_ip_state | array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state) |
principal_user_display_name | array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.user.user_display_name) |
recipient_aws_account_id | array_distinct($cloudtrail.additional.fields["recipientAccountId"]) |
aws_region | array_distinct($cloudtrail.principal.location.name) |
target_resource_name | array_distinct($cloudtrail.target.resource.name) |
target_resource_product_object_id | array_distinct($cloudtrail.target.resource.product_object_id) |
ec2_instance_id | array_distinct($instanceId) |
GCP Firewall Rule Opened To The World
#Detect when a GCP Firewall rule is opened to the world (0.0.0.0/0) on all protocols.
MITRE ATT&CK Coverage
| Tactic | Techniques |
|---|---|
| Defense Impairment |
Telemetry Coverage
| Platform | Record / event type |
|---|---|
| GCP | compute.firewalls.insert: Insert firewall rule |
Rule Body
// Copyright 2024 Google LLC. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
rule gcp_firewall_rule_opened_to_world {
meta:
author = "Google Cloud Security"
description = "Detect when a GCP Firewall rule is opened to the world (0.0.0.0/0) on all protocols."
rule_id = "mr_340c7a66-56ea-498a-bf00-270e9e61fed0"
rule_name = "GCP Firewall Rule Opened To The World"
mitre_attack_tactic = "Defense Evasion"
mitre_attack_technique = "Impair Defenses"
mitre_attack_url = "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/"
mitre_attack_version = "v14.1"
type = "Alert"
data_source = "GCP Cloud Audit"
platform = "GCP"
severity = "High"
priority = "High"
events:
$gcp.metadata.event_type = "RESOURCE_CREATION"
$gcp.metadata.log_type = "GCP_CLOUDAUDIT"
$gcp.metadata.product_event_type = /compute.firewalls.insert$/ nocase
$gcp.metadata.product_name = "Google Compute Engine"
$gcp.security_result.action = "ALLOW"
$gcp.target.resource.attribute.labels["source_ranges"] = "0.0.0.0/0"
$gcp.security_result.detection_fields["allowed_ipprotocol"] = "all"
$gcp.target.resource.attribute.labels["response_status"] = "RUNNING"
outcome:
$risk_score = max(75)
$mitre_attack_tactic = "Defense Evasion"
$mitre_attack_technique = "Impair Defenses"
$mitre_attack_technique_id = "T1562"
$event_count = count_distinct($gcp.metadata.id)
$network_http_user_agent = array_distinct($gcp.network.http.user_agent)
$principal_ip = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip)
$principal_ip_country = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region)
$principal_ip_state = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state)
$principal_user_id = $gcp.principal.user.userid
$principal_user_display_name = $gcp.principal.user.user_display_name
$target_resource_name = $gcp.target.resource.name
$event_name = $gcp.metadata.product_event_type
condition:
$gcp
}
YARA-L Rule Structure
Condition
Fires when at least one $gcp event.
Events
$gcp
metadata.log_type = "GCP_CLOUDAUDIT"metadata.product_event_type matches "compute.firewalls.insert$"security_result.action = "ALLOW"target.resource.attribute.labels["source_ranges"] = "0.0.0.0/0"security_result.detection_fields["allowed_ipprotocol"] = "all"target.resource.attribute.labels["response_status"] = "RUNNING"
Outcome
Outcome variables add context to a detection. When the rule generates an alert, $risk_score is displayed with it.
| Field | Expression |
|---|---|
risk_score | max(75) |
event_count | count_distinct($gcp.metadata.id) |
network_http_user_agent | array_distinct($gcp.network.http.user_agent) |
principal_ip | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip) |
principal_ip_country | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region) |
principal_ip_state | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state) |
principal_user_id | $gcp.principal.user.userid |
principal_user_display_name | $gcp.principal.user.user_display_name |
target_resource_name | $gcp.target.resource.name |
event_name | $gcp.metadata.product_event_type |
GCP Storage Bucket Opened To Public
#Detect when Google Cloud Storage buckets are opened to public by adding allUsers or allAuthenticatedUsers to the access policy.
MITRE ATT&CK Coverage
| Tactic | Techniques |
|---|---|
| Defense Impairment |
Telemetry Coverage
| Platform | Record / event type |
|---|---|
| GCP | storage.setIamPermissions: Set IAM permissions on bucket |
Rules Detecting the Same Action
These rules filter on the same operation.
Rule Body
// Copyright 2024 Google LLC. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
rule gcp_storage_bucket_opened_to_public {
meta:
author = "Google Cloud Security"
description = "Detect when Google Cloud Storage buckets are opened to public by adding allUsers or allAuthenticatedUsers to the access policy."
rule_id = "mr_b776abb0-9e7b-444d-ae0f-8a88b5654ded"
rule_name = "GCP Storage Bucket Opened To Public"
mitre_attack_tactic = "Defense Evasion"
mitre_attack_technique = "Impair Defenses"
mitre_attack_url = "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/"
mitre_attack_version = "v14.1"
type = "Alert"
data_source = "GCP Cloud Audit"
platform = "GCP"
severity = "High"
priority = "High"
events:
$gcp.metadata.event_type = "USER_RESOURCE_UPDATE_PERMISSIONS"
$gcp.metadata.log_type = "GCP_CLOUDAUDIT"
$gcp.metadata.vendor_name = "Google Cloud Platform"
$gcp.metadata.product_name = "Google Cloud Storage"
$gcp.metadata.product_event_type = "storage.setIamPermissions"
$gcp.target.application = "storage.googleapis.com"
$gcp.security_result.action = "ALLOW"
$gcp.target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_action"] = "ADD"
$gcp.target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_role"] = /roles\/storage.*/
$gcp.target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_member"] = /allUsers|allAuthenticatedUsers/
$gcp.target.resource.resource_type = "STORAGE_BUCKET"
outcome:
$risk_score = max(75)
$mitre_attack_tactic = "Defense Evasion"
$mitre_attack_technique = "Impair Defenses"
$mitre_attack_technique_id = "T1562"
$event_count = count_distinct($gcp.metadata.id)
$network_http_user_agent = array_distinct($gcp.network.http.user_agent)
$principal_ip = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip)
$principal_ip_country = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region)
$principal_ip_state = array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state)
$principal_user_id = $gcp.principal.user.userid
$principal_user_display_name = $gcp.principal.user.user_display_name
$target_resource_name = $gcp.target.resource.name
$event_name = $gcp.metadata.product_event_type
condition:
$gcp
}
YARA-L Rule Structure
Condition
Fires when at least one $gcp event.
Events
$gcp
metadata.log_type = "GCP_CLOUDAUDIT"metadata.product_event_type = "storage.setIamPermissions"target.application = "storage.googleapis.com"security_result.action = "ALLOW"target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_action"] = "ADD"target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_role"] matches "roles\/storage.*"target.resource.attribute.labels["ser_binding_deltas_member"] matches "allUsers|allAuthenticatedUsers"target.resource.resource_type = "STORAGE_BUCKET"
Outcome
Outcome variables add context to a detection. When the rule generates an alert, $risk_score is displayed with it.
| Field | Expression |
|---|---|
risk_score | max(75) |
event_count | count_distinct($gcp.metadata.id) |
network_http_user_agent | array_distinct($gcp.network.http.user_agent) |
principal_ip | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip) |
principal_ip_country | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region) |
principal_ip_state | array_distinct($gcp.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state) |
principal_user_id | $gcp.principal.user.userid |
principal_user_display_name | $gcp.principal.user.user_display_name |
target_resource_name | $gcp.target.resource.name |
event_name | $gcp.metadata.product_event_type |
OneLogin User Logins From Multiple Countries
#Detects user logins for the same user from different cities within 24 hours.
MITRE ATT&CK Coverage
| Tactic | Techniques |
|---|---|
| Initial Access |
Rule Body
// Copyright 2024 Google LLC. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
rule onelogin_user_logins_from_multiple_countries {
meta:
author = "Google Cloud Security"
description = "Detects user logins for the same user from different cities within 24 hours."
rule_id = "mr_92eb87fb-0310-460f-9640-8bc0bb87a8a3"
rule_name = "OneLogin User Logins From Multiple Countries"
mitre_attack_tactic = "Initial Access"
mitre_attack_technique = "Valid Accounts: Cloud Accounts"
mitre_attack_url = "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004/"
mitre_attack_version = "v15.1"
type = "Alert"
data_source = "OneLogin"
severity = "Medium"
priority = "Medium"
events:
$login.metadata.event_type = "USER_LOGIN"
$login.metadata.product_name = "ONELOGIN_SSO"
$login.metadata.vendor_name = "ONELOGIN"
$login.metadata.product_event_type = "5" //user logged into onelogin
$login.principal.user.userid = $userid
match:
$userid over 24h
outcome:
$risk_score = max(
35 +
// Unauthorized target geographies
if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Cuba", 20) +
if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Iran", 20) +
if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "North Korea", 20) +
if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Russia", 20) +
if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Syria", 20)
)
$mitre_attack_tactic = "Initial Access"
$mitre_attack_technique = "Valid Accounts: Cloud Accounts"
$network_user_agent = array_distinct($login.network.http.user_agent)
$principal_ip = array_distinct($login.principal.ip)
$principal_ip_country = array_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region)
$principal_ip_state = array_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state)
$dc_principal_ip_country = count_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region)
$principal_user_userid = array_distinct($login.principal.user.userid)
$principal_user_user_display_name = array_distinct($login.principal.user.user_display_name)
$target_user_userid = array_distinct($login.target.user.userid)
condition:
$login and $dc_principal_ip_country > 1
}
YARA-L Rule Structure
Condition
Fires when at least one $login event in the 24h window and $dc_principal_ip_country > 1.
Events
$login
metadata.product_event_type = "5"
Match and Correlation
Outcome
Outcome variables add context to a detection. When the rule generates an alert, $risk_score is displayed with it.
| Field | Expression |
|---|---|
risk_score | max( 35 + if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Cuba", 20) + if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Iran", 20) + if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "North Korea", 20) + if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Russia", 20) + if($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region = "Syria", 20) ) |
network_user_agent | array_distinct($login.network.http.user_agent) |
principal_ip | array_distinct($login.principal.ip) |
principal_ip_country | array_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region) |
principal_ip_state | array_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.state) |
dc_principal_ip_country | count_distinct($login.principal.ip_geo_artifact.location.country_or_region) |
principal_user_userid | array_distinct($login.principal.user.userid) |
principal_user_user_display_name | array_distinct($login.principal.user.user_display_name) |
target_user_userid | array_distinct($login.target.user.userid) |