ASR Rare and Untrusted Executables

Group by: FileName, SHA1
Author: Cyb3rMonk
Source: github.com/Cyb3r-Monk/Threat-Hunting-and-Detection

Below query shows Untrusted executables that are seen on few devices (LocalPrevalence). It requires the below ASR rule to be configured and Cloud-delivered protection to be enabled.
Block executable files from running unless they meet a prevalence, age, or trusted list criterion
You may need to exclude software development users/machines/folders.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Stealth	No specific technique

References

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction-rules-reference?view=o365-worldwide#block-executable-files-from-running-unless-they-meet-a-prevalence-age-or-trusted-list-criterion

Event coverage

Provider	Event/ActionType	Title
Defender-DeviceEvents	AsrUntrustedExecutableAudited	ASR untrusted executable (audited)
Windows-Defender	Event ID 1121	Event ID 1121
Windows-Defender	Event ID 1122	Event ID 1122

Rule body kusto

// Author: Cyb3rMonk(https://twitter.com/Cyb3rMonk, https://mergene.medium.com)
//
// Query parameters:
DeviceEvents
| where Timestamp > ago(30d)
| where ActionType in ("AsrUntrustedExecutableAudited","AsrUntrustedExecutableBlocked")
| summarize arg_min(Timestamp,*), LocalPrevalence = dcount(DeviceId) by SHA1, FileName
| where Timestamp > ago(1d)
| where LocalPrevalence <= 5
// there might be files without signature info, perform leftouter join
| join kind=leftouter (
    DeviceFileCertificateInfo
    | where Timestamp > ago(30d)
    | summarize arg_max(Timestamp,*) by SHA1
    )
    on SHA1
// Get GlobalPrevalence info, etc.
| invoke FileProfile(SHA1, 1000)
// GlobalFirstSeen can be used for filtering the results further
// If you want to list only the files that have invalid signatures uncomment the below line
// there might be files without signature info, don't exclude them
// | where IsTrusted <> 1

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: `source`

DeviceEvents

Stage 2: `where`

| where Timestamp > ago(30d)

Stage 3: `where`

| where ActionType in ("AsrUntrustedExecutableAudited","AsrUntrustedExecutableBlocked")

Stage 4: `summarize`

| summarize arg_min(Timestamp,*), LocalPrevalence = dcount(DeviceId) by SHA1, FileName

Threshold: le 5

Stage 5: `where`

| where Timestamp > ago(1d)

Stage 6: `where`

| where LocalPrevalence <= 5

Stage 7: `join`

| join kind=leftouter (
    DeviceFileCertificateInfo
    | where Timestamp > ago(30d)
    | summarize arg_max(Timestamp,*) by SHA1
    )
    on SHA1

Stage 8: `invoke`

| invoke FileProfile(SHA1, 1000)

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`ActionType`	in	`AsrUntrustedExecutableAudited` transforms: `cased` `AsrUntrustedExecutableBlocked` transforms: `cased`
`LocalPrevalence`	le	`5` transforms: `cased`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`FileName`	`summarize`
`LocalPrevalence`	`summarize`
`SHA1`	`summarize`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

ASR Rare and Untrusted Executables

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

References

Event coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `summarize`

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `join`

Stage 8: `invoke`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

ASR Rare and Untrusted Executables

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

References

Event coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: where

Stage 4: summarize

Stage 5: where

Stage 6: where

Stage 7: join

Stage 8: invoke

Indicators

Output fields

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `summarize`

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `join`

Stage 8: `invoke`