AWSCloudTrail - Privilege escalation via Lambda policy

Status: available
Severity: medium
Time window: 1d
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

Detects inline IAM policy updates that grant broad AWS Lambda permissions, including combinations that can link Lambda with other services such as DynamoDB. These permissions can provide execution control and support privilege escalation paths in the cloud environment.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Privilege Escalation	`T1098.003` Account Manipulation: Additional Cloud Roles

Rules detecting the same action

Other rules on this platform that filter on the same API call or operation.

Rule body kusto

id: 8e01c41d-bd4c-4bbe-aed5-18592735052d
name: AWSCloudTrail - Privilege escalation via Lambda policy
description: |
  Detects inline IAM policy updates that grant broad AWS Lambda permissions, including combinations that can
  link Lambda with other services such as DynamoDB. These permissions can provide execution control and support
  privilege escalation paths in the cloud environment.
severity: Medium
status: Available
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: AWS
    dataTypes:
      - AWSCloudTrail
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 1d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - PrivilegeEscalation
relevantTechniques:
  - T1098.003
query: |
    AWSCloudTrail
      | where EventName in ("PutUserPolicy","PutRolePolicy","PutGroupPolicy") and isempty(ErrorCode) and isempty(ErrorMessage)
      | extend PolicyName = tostring(parse_json(RequestParameters).policyName)
      | extend Statement = parse_json(tostring((parse_json(RequestParameters).policyDocument))).Statement
      | mvexpand Statement
      | extend Action = parse_json(Statement).Action , Effect = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Effect), Resource = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Resource), Condition = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Condition)
      | extend Action = tostring(Action)
      | where Effect =~ "Allow" and ((((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:*") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:CreateFunction" and Action contains "lambda:InvokeFunction") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:Create*" and Action contains "lambda:Invoke*")) or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:*" and Action contains "dynamodb:*") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:CreateFunction" and Action contains "lambda:CreateEventSourceMapping" and Action contains "dynamodb:PutItem" and Action contains "dynamodb:CreateTable") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:Create*" and Action contains "dynamodb:Put*" and Action contains "dynamodb:Create*")) and Resource == "*" and Condition == ""
      | extend UserIdentityArn = iif(isempty(UserIdentityArn), tostring(parse_json(Resources)[0].ARN), UserIdentityArn)
      | extend UserName = tostring(split(UserIdentityArn, '/')[-1])
      | extend AccountName = case( UserIdentityPrincipalid == "Anonymous", "Anonymous", isempty(UserIdentityUserName), UserName, UserIdentityUserName)
      | extend AccountName = iif(AccountName contains "@", tostring(split(AccountName, '@', 0)[0]), AccountName),
        AccountUPNSuffix = iif(AccountName contains "@", tostring(split(AccountName, '@', 1)[0]), "")
      | distinct TimeGenerated, EventName, PolicyName, SourceIpAddress, RecipientAccountId, AccountName, AccountUPNSuffix, UserIdentityArn, UserIdentityUserName
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: AccountName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
      - identifier: CloudAppAccountId
        columnName: RecipientAccountId
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: SourceIpAddress
customDetails:
  PolicyName: PolicyName
  EventName: EventName
  UserIdentityArn: UserIdentityArn
  RecipientAccountId: RecipientAccountId
alertDetailsOverride:
  alertDisplayNameFormat: 'AWS Lambda privilege escalation policy update by {{AccountName}}'
  alertDescriptionFormat: 'Detected {{EventName}} Event, updating inline Lambda escalation policy {{PolicyName}} in account {{RecipientAccountId}}.'
version: 1.0.2
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: `source`

AWSCloudTrail

Stage 2: `where`

| where EventName in ("PutUserPolicy","PutRolePolicy","PutGroupPolicy") and isempty(ErrorCode) and isempty(ErrorMessage)

Stage 3: `extend`

| extend PolicyName = tostring(parse_json(RequestParameters).policyName)

Stage 4: `extend`

| extend Statement = parse_json(tostring((parse_json(RequestParameters).policyDocument))).Statement

Stage 5: `mv-expand`

| mvexpand Statement

Stage 6: `extend`

| extend Action = parse_json(Statement).Action , Effect = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Effect), Resource = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Resource), Condition = tostring(parse_json(Statement).Condition)

Stage 7: `extend`

| extend Action = tostring(Action)

Stage 8: `where`

| where Effect =~ "Allow" and ((((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:*") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:CreateFunction" and Action contains "lambda:InvokeFunction") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:Create*" and Action contains "lambda:Invoke*")) or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:*" and Action contains "dynamodb:*") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:CreateFunction" and Action contains "lambda:CreateEventSourceMapping" and Action contains "dynamodb:PutItem" and Action contains "dynamodb:CreateTable") or ((Action contains "iam:*" or Action contains "iam:PassRole") and Action contains "lambda:Create*" and Action contains "dynamodb:Put*" and Action contains "dynamodb:Create*")) and Resource == "*" and Condition == ""

Stage 9: `extend` (4 consecutive steps)

| extend UserIdentityArn = iif(isempty(UserIdentityArn), tostring(parse_json(Resources)[0].ARN), UserIdentityArn)
| extend UserName = tostring(split(UserIdentityArn, '/')[-1])
| extend AccountName = case( UserIdentityPrincipalid == "Anonymous", "Anonymous", isempty(UserIdentityUserName), UserName, UserIdentityUserName)
| extend AccountName = iif(AccountName contains "@", tostring(split(AccountName, '@', 0)[0]), AccountName),
    AccountUPNSuffix = iif(AccountName contains "@", tostring(split(AccountName, '@', 1)[0]), "")

Stage 10: `distinct`

| distinct TimeGenerated, EventName, PolicyName, SourceIpAddress, RecipientAccountId, AccountName, AccountUPNSuffix, UserIdentityArn, UserIdentityUserName

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`Action`	contains	`dynamodb:` `dynamodb:Create` `dynamodb:CreateTable` `dynamodb:Put` `dynamodb:PutItem` `iam:` `iam:PassRole` `lambda:` `lambda:Create` `lambda:CreateEventSourceMapping` `lambda:CreateFunction` `lambda:Invoke*` `lambda:InvokeFunction`
`Effect`	eq	`Allow`
`ErrorCode`	is_null	(no value, null check)
`ErrorMessage`	is_null	(no value, null check)
`EventName`	in	`PutGroupPolicy` transforms: `cased` `PutRolePolicy` transforms: `cased` `PutUserPolicy` transforms: `cased`
`Resource`	eq	`*` transforms: `cased`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`PolicyName`	`extend`
`Statement`	`extend`
`Action`	`extend`
`Condition`	`extend`
`Effect`	`extend`
`Resource`	`extend`
`UserIdentityArn`	`extend`
`UserName`	`extend`
`AccountName`	`extend`
`AccountUPNSuffix`	`extend`

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`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

AWSCloudTrail - Privilege escalation via Lambda policy

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rules detecting the same action

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `extend`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `mv-expand`

Stage 6: `extend`

Stage 7: `extend`

Stage 8: `where`

Stage 9: `extend` (4 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: `distinct`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

AWSCloudTrail - Privilege escalation via Lambda policy

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rules detecting the same action

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: extend

Stage 4: extend

Stage 5: mv-expand

Stage 6: extend

Stage 7: extend

Stage 8: where

Stage 9: extend (4 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: distinct

Indicators

Output fields

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `extend`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `mv-expand`

Stage 6: `extend`

Stage 7: `extend`

Stage 8: `where`

Stage 9: `extend` (4 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: `distinct`