Azure DevOps Service Connection Abuse

Status: available
Severity: medium
Time window: 14d
Group by: ActorUPN, IpAddress, OrganizationName, ProjectId, ProjectName
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'Flags builds/releases that use a large number of service connections if they aren't manually in the allow list. This is to determine if someone is hijacking a build/release and adding many service connections in order to abuse or dump credentials from service connections.'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Persistence	`T1098` Account Manipulation
Impact	`T1496` Resource Hijacking

Rule body kusto

id: d564ff12-8f53-41b8-8649-44f76b37b99f
name: Azure DevOps Service Connection Abuse
description: |
  'Flags builds/releases that use a large number of service connections if they aren't manually in the allow list.
  This is to determine if someone is hijacking a build/release and adding many service connections in order to abuse or dump credentials from service connections.'
severity: Medium
status: Available
requiredDataConnectors: []
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 14d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - Persistence
  - Impact
relevantTechniques:
  - T1098
  - T1496
query: |
  // How many greater than Service Connections you want to view per build/release
  let ServiceConnectionThreshold = 4;
  let BypassDefIds = datatable(DefId:string, Type:string, ProjectName:string)
  [
  //"103", "Release", "ProjectA",
  //"42", "Release", "ProjectB",
  //"122", "Build", "ProjectB"
  ];
  ADOAuditLogs
  | where OperationName == "Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted"
  | extend DefId = tostring(Data.DefinitionId), Type = tostring(Data.PlanType), ConnectionId = tostring(Data.ConnectionId)
  | parse ScopeDisplayName with OrganizationName ' (Organization)'
  | summarize CurrentCount = dcount(tostring(ConnectionId)), ConnectionNames = make_set(tostring(Data.ConnectionName)), StartTime = min(TimeGenerated), EndTime = max(TimeGenerated)
    by OrganizationName, tostring(DefId), tostring(Type), ProjectId, ProjectName, ActorUPN, IpAddress
  | where CurrentCount > ServiceConnectionThreshold
  | join kind=anti BypassDefIds on $left.DefId==$right.DefId and $left.Type == $right.Type and $left.ProjectName == $right.ProjectName
  | extend link = iif(
    Type == "Build", strcat('https://dev.azure.com/', OrganizationName, '/', ProjectName, '/_build?definitionId=', DefId),
    strcat('https://dev.azure.com/', OrganizationName, '/', ProjectName, '/_release?_a=releases&view=mine&definitionId=', DefId))
  | extend timestamp = StartTime
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[1])
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: ActorUPN
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: AccountName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: IpAddress
version: 1.0.6
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

let ServiceConnectionThreshold = 4;

Let binding: `BypassDefIds`

let BypassDefIds = datatable(DefId:string, Type:string, ProjectName:string)
[
];

Stage 1: `source`

ADOAuditLogs

Stage 2: `where`

| where OperationName == "Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted"

Stage 3: `extend`

| extend DefId = tostring(Data.DefinitionId), Type = tostring(Data.PlanType), ConnectionId = tostring(Data.ConnectionId)

Stage 4: `parse`

| parse ScopeDisplayName with OrganizationName ' (Organization)'

Stage 5: `summarize`

| summarize CurrentCount = dcount(tostring(ConnectionId)), ConnectionNames = make_set(tostring(Data.ConnectionName)), StartTime = min(TimeGenerated), EndTime = max(TimeGenerated)
  by OrganizationName, tostring(DefId), tostring(Type), ProjectId, ProjectName, ActorUPN, IpAddress

Threshold: gt 4

Stage 6: `where`

| where CurrentCount > ServiceConnectionThreshold

Stage 7: `join` (negated)

| join kind=anti BypassDefIds on $left.DefId==$right.DefId and $left.Type == $right.Type and $left.ProjectName == $right.ProjectName

Stage 8: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

| extend link = iif(
  Type == "Build", strcat('https://dev.azure.com/', OrganizationName, '/', ProjectName, '/_build?definitionId=', DefId),
  strcat('https://dev.azure.com/', OrganizationName, '/', ProjectName, '/_release?_a=releases&view=mine&definitionId=', DefId))
| extend timestamp = StartTime
| extend AccountName = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(ActorUPN, "@")[1])

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`CurrentCount`	gt	`4` transforms: `cased`
`OperationName`	eq	`Library.ServiceConnectionExecuted` transforms: `cased`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`ActorUPN`	`summarize`
`ConnectionNames`	`summarize`
`CurrentCount`	`summarize`
`EndTime`	`summarize`
`IpAddress`	`summarize`
`OrganizationName`	`summarize`
`ProjectId`	`summarize`
`ProjectName`	`summarize`
`StartTime`	`summarize`
`link`	`extend`
`timestamp`	`extend`
`AccountName`	`extend`
`AccountUPNSuffix`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Azure DevOps Service Connection Abuse

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: `BypassDefIds`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `extend`

Stage 4: `parse`

Stage 5: `summarize`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `join` (negated)

Stage 8: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Azure DevOps Service Connection Abuse

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: BypassDefIds

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: extend

Stage 4: parse

Stage 5: summarize

Stage 6: where

Stage 7: join (negated)

Stage 8: extend (3 consecutive steps)

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `BypassDefIds`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `extend`

Stage 4: `parse`

Stage 5: `summarize`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `join` (negated)

Stage 8: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)