Insider Risk_High User Security Alert Correlations

Severity: medium
Time window: 7d
Group by: AlertId, IncidentNumber, SystemAlertId
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'This alert joins SecurityAlerts from Microsoft Products with SecurityIncidents from Microsoft Sentinel and Microsoft Defender XDR. This join allows for identifying patterns in user principal names associated with respective security alerts. A machine learning function (Basket) is leveraged with a .001 threshold. Baset finds all frequent patterns of discrete attributes (dimensions) in the data. It returns the frequent patterns passed the frequency threshold. This query evaluates UserPrincipalName for patterns in SecurityAlerts and Reporting Security Tools. This query can be further tuned/configured for higher confidence percentages, security products, or alert severities pending the needs of the organization. There is an option for configuration of correlations against Microsoft Sentinel watchlists. For more information on the basket plugin, see basket plugin'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Execution	`T1204` User Execution

Rule body kusto

id: a4fb4255-f55b-4c24-b396-976ee075d406
name: Insider Risk_High User Security Alert Correlations
description: |
  'This alert joins SecurityAlerts from Microsoft Products with SecurityIncidents from Microsoft Sentinel and Microsoft Defender XDR. This join allows for identifying patterns in user principal names associated with respective security alerts. A machine learning function (Basket) is leveraged with a .001 threshold. Baset finds all frequent patterns of discrete attributes (dimensions) in the data. It returns the frequent patterns passed the frequency threshold. This query evaluates UserPrincipalName for patterns in SecurityAlerts and Reporting Security Tools. This query can be further tuned/configured for higher confidence percentages, security products, or alert severities pending the needs of the organization. There is an option for configuration of correlations against Microsoft Sentinel watchlists. For more information on the basket plugin, see [basket plugin](https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/data-explorer/kusto/query/basketplugin)'
severity: Medium
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: MicrosoftDefenderAdvancedThreatProtection
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (MDATP)
  - connectorId: AzureActiveDirectoryIdentityProtection
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (IPC)
  - connectorId: AzureSecurityCenter
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (ASC)
  - connectorId: IoT
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (ASC for IoT)
  - connectorId: MicrosoftCloudAppSecurity
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (ASC for IoT)
  - connectorId: IoT
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (MCAS)
  - connectorId: OfficeATP
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityAlert (Office 365)
queryFrequency: 7d
queryPeriod: 7d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - Execution
relevantTechniques:
  - T1204
query: |
  let AlertLinks = SecurityAlert
  | summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId
  | mv-expand todynamic(Entities)
  | where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"
  | extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
            Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
  | extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
  | extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)
  | where UPN <> ""
  | summarize AlertLinks=make_set(AlertLink) by UPN;
  let LastTimeObserved = SecurityIncident
  | summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(LastModifiedTime, *) by IncidentNumber
  | mv-expand AlertIds
  | extend AlertId = tostring(AlertIds)
  | join kind= innerunique ( 
            SecurityAlert 
            )
            on $left.AlertId == $right.SystemAlertId
  | summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId
  | mv-expand todynamic(Entities)
  | where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"
  | extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
            Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
  | extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
  | extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)
  | where UPN <> ""
  | project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName, TimeGenerated | summarize arg_max(AlertName, Severity, ProductName, TimeGenerated) by UPN;
  SecurityIncident
  | summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(LastModifiedTime, *) by IncidentNumber
  | mv-expand AlertIds
  | extend AlertId = tostring(AlertIds)
  | join kind= innerunique ( 
            SecurityAlert 
            )
            on $left.AlertId == $right.SystemAlertId
  | summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId
  | mv-expand todynamic(Entities)
  | where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"
  | extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
            Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
  | extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
  | extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)
  | where UPN <> ""
  | project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName
  | evaluate basket(0.001)
  | where UPN <> ""
  // | lookup kind=inner _GetWatchlist('<Your Watchlist Name>') on $left.UPN == $right.SearchKey
  | project UPN, Percent, AlertName, Severity, ProductName
  | join (LastTimeObserved) on UPN
  | sort by Percent desc
  | extend LastObserved = TimeGenerated
  | join kind=inner (AlertLinks) on UPN
  | project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName, Percent, LastObserved, AlertLinks
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(UPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(UPN, "@")[1])
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: UPN
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: AccountName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
version: 1.1.3
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: `AlertLinks`

let AlertLinks = SecurityAlert
| summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId
| mv-expand todynamic(Entities)
| where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"
| extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
          Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
| extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
| extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)
| where UPN <> ""
| summarize AlertLinks=make_set(AlertLink) by UPN;

Let binding: `LastTimeObserved`

let LastTimeObserved = SecurityIncident
| summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(LastModifiedTime, *) by IncidentNumber
| mv-expand AlertIds
| extend AlertId = tostring(AlertIds)
| join kind= innerunique ( 
          SecurityAlert 
          )
          on $left.AlertId == $right.SystemAlertId
| summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId
| mv-expand todynamic(Entities)
| where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"
| extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
          Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
| extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
| extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)
| where UPN <> ""
| project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName, TimeGenerated | summarize arg_max(AlertName, Severity, ProductName, TimeGenerated) by UPN;

Stage 1: `source`

SecurityIncident

Stage 2: `summarize`

| summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(LastModifiedTime, *) by IncidentNumber

Stage 3: `mv-expand`

| mv-expand AlertIds

Stage 4: `extend`

| extend AlertId = tostring(AlertIds)

Stage 5: `join`

| join kind= innerunique ( 
          SecurityAlert 
          )
          on $left.AlertId == $right.SystemAlertId

Stage 6: `summarize`

| summarize hint.strategy = shuffle arg_max(TimeGenerated, *), NumberOfUpdates = count() by SystemAlertId

Stage 7: `mv-expand`

| mv-expand todynamic(Entities)

Stage 8: `where`

| where Entities["Type"] =~ "account"

Stage 9: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

| extend Name = tostring(tolower(Entities["Name"])), NTDomain = tostring(Entities["NTDomain"]), UPNSuffix = tostring(Entities["UPNSuffix"]), AadUserId = tostring(Entities["AadUserId"]), AadTenantId = tostring(Entities["AadTenantId"]), 
          Sid = tostring(Entities["Sid"]), IsDomainJoined = tobool(Entities["IsDomainJoined"]), Host = tostring(Entities["Host"])
| extend UPN = iff(Name != "" and UPNSuffix != "", strcat(Name, "@", UPNSuffix), "")
| extend Href_ = tostring(parse_json(ExtendedLinks)[0].Href)

Stage 10: `where`

| where UPN <> ""

Stage 11: `project`

| project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName

Stage 12: `evaluate`

| evaluate basket(0.001)

Stage 13: `where`

| where UPN <> ""

Stage 14: `project`

| project UPN, Percent, AlertName, Severity, ProductName

Stage 15: `join`

| join (LastTimeObserved) on UPN

Stage 16: `sort`

| sort by Percent desc

Stage 17: `extend`

| extend LastObserved = TimeGenerated

Stage 18: `join`

| join kind=inner (AlertLinks) on UPN

Stage 19: `project`

| project UPN, AlertName, Severity, ProductName, Percent, LastObserved, AlertLinks

References AlertLinks (defined above).

Stage 20: `extend`

| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UPN, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(UPN, "@")[1])

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`Type`	eq	`account` corpus 13 (kusto 13)

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`AlertLinks`	`project`
`AlertName`	`project`
`LastObserved`	`project`
`Percent`	`project`
`ProductName`	`project`
`Severity`	`project`
`UPN`	`project`
`AccountName`	`extend`
`AccountUPNSuffix`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Insider Risk_High User Security Alert Correlations

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: `AlertLinks`

Let binding: `LastTimeObserved`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `summarize`

Stage 3: `mv-expand`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `join`

Stage 6: `summarize`

Stage 7: `mv-expand`

Stage 8: `where`

Stage 9: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project`

Stage 12: `evaluate`

Stage 13: `where`

Stage 14: `project`

Stage 15: `join`

Stage 16: `sort`

Stage 17: `extend`

Stage 18: `join`

Stage 19: `project`

Stage 20: `extend`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Insider Risk_High User Security Alert Correlations

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: AlertLinks

Let binding: LastTimeObserved

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: summarize

Stage 3: mv-expand

Stage 4: extend

Stage 5: join

Stage 6: summarize

Stage 7: mv-expand

Stage 8: where

Stage 9: extend (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: where

Stage 11: project

Stage 12: evaluate

Stage 13: where

Stage 14: project

Stage 15: join

Stage 16: sort

Stage 17: extend

Stage 18: join

Stage 19: project

Stage 20: extend

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `AlertLinks`

Let binding: `LastTimeObserved`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `summarize`

Stage 3: `mv-expand`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `join`

Stage 6: `summarize`

Stage 7: `mv-expand`

Stage 8: `where`

Stage 9: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project`

Stage 12: `evaluate`

Stage 13: `where`

Stage 14: `project`

Stage 15: `join`

Stage 16: `sort`

Stage 17: `extend`

Stage 18: `join`

Stage 19: `project`

Stage 20: `extend`