User joining Zoom meeting from suspicious timezone

Severity: low
Time window: 14d
Author: Microsoft Security Research
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'The alert shows users that join a Zoom meeting from a time zone other than the one the meeting was created in. You can also whitelist known good time zones in the tz_whitelist value using the tz database name format https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Initial Access	`T1078` Valid Accounts
Privilege Escalation	`T1078` Valid Accounts

Rule body kusto

id: 58fc0170-0877-4ea8-a9ff-d805e361cfae
name: User joining Zoom meeting from suspicious timezone
description: |
  'The alert shows users that join a Zoom meeting from a time zone other than the one the meeting was created in.
  You can also whitelist known good time zones in the tz_whitelist value using the tz database name format https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones'
severity: Low
requiredDataConnectors: []
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 14d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - InitialAccess
  - PrivilegeEscalation
relevantTechniques:
  - T1078
query: |
  let schedule_lookback = 14d;
  let join_lookback = 1d;
  // If you want to whitelist specific timezones include them in a list here
  let tz_whitelist = dynamic([]);
  let meetings = (
  ZoomLogs
  | where TimeGenerated >= ago(schedule_lookback)
  | where Event =~ "meeting.created"
  | extend MeetingId = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingId)
  | extend SchedTimezone = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).Timezone));
  ZoomLogs
  | where TimeGenerated >= ago(join_lookback)
  | where Event =~ "meeting.participant_joined"
  | extend JoinedTimeZone = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).Timezone)
  | extend MeetingName = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingName)
  | extend MeetingId = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingId)
  | where JoinedTimeZone !in (tz_whitelist)
  | join (meetings) on MeetingId
  | where SchedTimezone != JoinedTimeZone
  | project TimeGenerated, MeetingName, JoiningUser=payload_object_participant_user_name_s, JoinedTimeZone, SchedTimezone, MeetingScheduler=User1
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(JoiningUser, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(JoiningUser, "@")[1])
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: JoiningUser
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: AccountName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
version: 1.0.4
kind: Scheduled
metadata:
    source:
        kind: Community
    author:
        name: Microsoft Security Research
    support:
        tier: Community
    categories:
        domains: [ "Security - Others" ]

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

let schedule_lookback = 14d;
let join_lookback = 1d;
let tz_whitelist = dynamic([]);

Let binding: `meetings`

let meetings = (
ZoomLogs
| where TimeGenerated >= ago(schedule_lookback)
| where Event =~ "meeting.created"
| extend MeetingId = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingId)
| extend SchedTimezone = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).Timezone));

Derived from schedule_lookback.

Stage 1: `source`

ZoomLogs

Stage 2: `where`

| where TimeGenerated >= ago(join_lookback)

Stage 3: `where`

| where Event =~ "meeting.participant_joined"

Stage 4: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

| extend JoinedTimeZone = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).Timezone)
| extend MeetingName = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingName)
| extend MeetingId = tostring(parse_json(MeetingEvents).MeetingId)

Stage 5: `where`

| where JoinedTimeZone !in (tz_whitelist)

Stage 6: `join`

| join (meetings) on MeetingId

Stage 7: `where`

| where SchedTimezone != JoinedTimeZone

Stage 8: `project`

| project TimeGenerated, MeetingName, JoiningUser=payload_object_participant_user_name_s, JoinedTimeZone, SchedTimezone, MeetingScheduler=User1

Stage 9: `extend`

| extend AccountName = tostring(split(JoiningUser, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(JoiningUser, "@")[1])

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`JoinedTimeZone`	eq	`[]`

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`Event`	eq	`meeting.created` `meeting.participant_joined`
`SchedTimezone`	ne	`JoinedTimeZone` transforms: `cased`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`JoinedTimeZone`	`project`
`JoiningUser`	`project`
`MeetingName`	`project`
`MeetingScheduler`	`project`
`SchedTimezone`	`project`
`TimeGenerated`	`project`
`AccountName`	`extend`
`AccountUPNSuffix`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

User joining Zoom meeting from suspicious timezone

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: `meetings`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `join`

Stage 7: `where`

Stage 8: `project`

Stage 9: `extend`

Exclusions

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

User joining Zoom meeting from suspicious timezone

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: meetings

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: where

Stage 4: extend (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 5: where

Stage 6: join

Stage 7: where

Stage 8: project

Stage 9: extend

Exclusions

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `meetings`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `extend` (3 consecutive steps)

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `join`

Stage 7: `where`

Stage 8: `project`

Stage 9: `extend`