Mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault

Status: available
Severity: low
Time window: 1d
Group by: CallerObjectId, CallerObjectUPN, ResourceType, ResultType, identity_claim_appid_g
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'Identifies mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault observed by a single user. Mass secret retrival crossing a certain threshold is an indication of credential dump operations or mis-configured applications. You can tweak the EventCountThreshold based on average count seen in your environment and also filter any known sources (IP/Account) and useragent combinations based on historical analysis to further reduce noise'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Credential Access	`T1003` OS Credential Dumping

Rule body kusto

id: 24f8c234-d1ff-40ec-8b73-96b17a3a9c1c
name: Mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault
description: |
  'Identifies mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault observed by a single user. 
  Mass secret retrival crossing a certain threshold is an indication of credential dump operations or mis-configured applications. 
  You can tweak the EventCountThreshold based on average count seen in your environment and also filter any known sources (IP/Account) and useragent combinations based on historical analysis to further reduce noise'
severity: Low
status: Available
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: AzureKeyVault
    dataTypes:
      - KeyVaultData
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 1d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - CredentialAccess
relevantTechniques:
  - T1003
query: |
  let DistinctSecretsThreshold = 10;
  let EventCountThreshold = 50;
  // To avoid any False Positives, filtering using AppId is recommended.
  // The AppId 509e4652-da8d-478d-a730-e9d4a1996ca4 has been added in the query as it corresponds to Azure Resource Graph performing VaultGet operations for indexing and syncing all tracked resources across Azure.
  // The AppId 8cae6e77-e04e-42ce-b5cb-50d82bce26b1 has been added as it correspond to Microsoft Policy Insights Provider Data Plane performing VaultGet operations for policies checks.
  let AllowedAppId = dynamic(["509e4652-da8d-478d-a730-e9d4a1996ca4","8cae6e77-e04e-42ce-b5cb-50d82bce26b1"]);
  let OperationList = dynamic(["SecretGet", "KeyGet", "VaultGet"]);
  AzureDiagnostics
  | where OperationName in (OperationList) and ResourceType =~ "VAULTS"
  | where not(identity_claim_appid_g in (AllowedAppId) and OperationName == 'VaultGet')
  | extend
      ResourceId,
      ResultType = column_ifexists("ResultType", ""),
      identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g = column_ifexists("identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g", ""),
      identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s = column_ifexists("identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s", ""),
      identity_claim_oid_g = column_ifexists("identity_claim_oid_g", ""),
      identity_claim_upn_s = column_ifexists("identity_claim_upn_s", "")
  | extend
      CallerObjectId = iff(isempty(identity_claim_oid_g), identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g, identity_claim_oid_g),
      CallerObjectUPN = iff(isempty(identity_claim_upn_s), identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s, identity_claim_upn_s)
  | as _Retrievals
  | where CallerObjectId in (toscalar(
      _Retrievals
      | where ResultType == "Success"
      | summarize Count = dcount(requestUri_s) by OperationName, CallerObjectId
      | where Count > DistinctSecretsThreshold
      | summarize make_set(CallerObjectId,10000)
  ))
  | extend
      requestUri_s = column_ifexists("requestUri_s", ""),
      id_s = column_ifexists("id_s", ""),
      CallerIPAddress = column_ifexists("CallerIPAddress", ""),
      clientInfo_s = column_ifexists("clientInfo_s", "")
  | summarize
      EventCount = count(),
      StartTime = min(TimeGenerated),
      EndTime = max(TimeGenerated),
      ResourceList = make_set(Resource, 50),
      OperationNameList = make_set(OperationName, 50),
      RequestURLList = make_set(requestUri_s, 50),
      ResourceId = max(ResourceId),
      CallerIPList = make_set(CallerIPAddress, 50),
      clientInfo_sList = make_set(clientInfo_s, 50),
      CallerIPMax = max(CallerIPAddress)
      by ResourceType, ResultType, identity_claim_appid_g, CallerObjectId, CallerObjectUPN
      | where EventCount > EventCountThreshold
  | project-reorder StartTime, EndTime, EventCount, ResourceId,ResourceType,identity_claim_appid_g, CallerObjectId, CallerObjectUPN, ResultType, ResourceList, OperationNameList, RequestURLList, CallerIPList, clientInfo_sList
  | extend timestamp = EndTime
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: CallerObjectId
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: CallerIPMax
version: 1.0.8
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

let DistinctSecretsThreshold = 10;
let EventCountThreshold = 50;
let AllowedAppId = dynamic(["509e4652-da8d-478d-a730-e9d4a1996ca4","8cae6e77-e04e-42ce-b5cb-50d82bce26b1"]);
let OperationList = dynamic(["SecretGet", "KeyGet", "VaultGet"]);

Stage 1: `source`

AzureDiagnostics

Stage 2: `where`

| where OperationName in (OperationList) and ResourceType =~ "VAULTS"

Stage 3: `where`

| where not(identity_claim_appid_g in (AllowedAppId) and OperationName == 'VaultGet')

Stage 4: `extend`

| extend
    ResourceId,
    ResultType = column_ifexists("ResultType", ""),
    identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g = column_ifexists("identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g", ""),
    identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s = column_ifexists("identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s", ""),
    identity_claim_oid_g = column_ifexists("identity_claim_oid_g", ""),
    identity_claim_upn_s = column_ifexists("identity_claim_upn_s", "")

Stage 5: `extend`

| extend
    CallerObjectId = iff(isempty(identity_claim_oid_g), identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g, identity_claim_oid_g),
    CallerObjectUPN = iff(isempty(identity_claim_upn_s), identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s, identity_claim_upn_s)

CallerObjectId =

ifisempty(identity_claim_oid_g)identity_claim_http_schemas_microsoft_com_identity_claims_objectidentifier_g

elseidentity_claim_oid_g

CallerObjectUPN =

ifisempty(identity_claim_upn_s)identity_claim_http_schemas_xmlsoap_org_ws_2005_05_identity_claims_upn_s

elseidentity_claim_upn_s

Stage 6: `kusto:as`

| as _Retrievals

Stage 7: `where`

| where CallerObjectId in (toscalar(
    _Retrievals
    | where ResultType == "Success"
    | summarize Count = dcount(requestUri_s) by OperationName, CallerObjectId
    | where Count > DistinctSecretsThreshold
    | summarize make_set(CallerObjectId,10000)
))

Stage 8: `extend`

| extend
    requestUri_s = column_ifexists("requestUri_s", ""),
    id_s = column_ifexists("id_s", ""),
    CallerIPAddress = column_ifexists("CallerIPAddress", ""),
    clientInfo_s = column_ifexists("clientInfo_s", "")

Stage 9: `summarize`

| summarize
    EventCount = count(),
    StartTime = min(TimeGenerated),
    EndTime = max(TimeGenerated),
    ResourceList = make_set(Resource, 50),
    OperationNameList = make_set(OperationName, 50),
    RequestURLList = make_set(requestUri_s, 50),
    ResourceId = max(ResourceId),
    CallerIPList = make_set(CallerIPAddress, 50),
    clientInfo_sList = make_set(clientInfo_s, 50),
    CallerIPMax = max(CallerIPAddress)
    by ResourceType, ResultType, identity_claim_appid_g, CallerObjectId, CallerObjectUPN

Threshold: gt 50

Stage 10: `where`

| where EventCount > EventCountThreshold

Stage 11: `project-reorder`

| project-reorder StartTime, EndTime, EventCount, ResourceId,ResourceType,identity_claim_appid_g, CallerObjectId, CallerObjectUPN, ResultType, ResourceList, OperationNameList, RequestURLList, CallerIPList, clientInfo_sList

Stage 12: `extend`

| extend timestamp = EndTime

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`OperationName`	eq	`VaultGet`
`identity_claim_appid_g`	in	`509e4652-da8d-478d-a730-e9d4a1996ca4`, `8cae6e77-e04e-42ce-b5cb-50d82bce26b1`

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`EventCount`	gt	`50` transforms: `cased`
`OperationName`	in	`KeyGet` transforms: `cased` `SecretGet` transforms: `cased` `VaultGet` transforms: `cased`
`ResourceType`	eq	`VAULTS`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`CallerIPList`	`summarize`
`CallerIPMax`	`summarize`
`CallerObjectId`	`summarize`
`CallerObjectUPN`	`summarize`
`EndTime`	`summarize`
`EventCount`	`summarize`
`OperationNameList`	`summarize`
`RequestURLList`	`summarize`
`ResourceId`	`summarize`
`ResourceList`	`summarize`
`ResourceType`	`summarize`
`ResultType`	`summarize`
`StartTime`	`summarize`
`clientInfo_sList`	`summarize`
`identity_claim_appid_g`	`summarize`
`timestamp`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
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`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `kusto:as`

Stage 7: `where`

Stage 8: `extend`

Stage 9: `summarize`

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project-reorder`

Stage 12: `extend`

Exclusions

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Mass secret retrieval from Azure Key Vault

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: where

Stage 4: extend

Stage 5: extend

Stage 6: kusto:as

Stage 7: where

Stage 8: extend

Stage 9: summarize

Stage 10: where

Stage 11: project-reorder

Stage 12: extend

Exclusions

Indicators

Output fields

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `extend`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `kusto:as`

Stage 7: `where`

Stage 8: `extend`

Stage 9: `summarize`

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project-reorder`

Stage 12: `extend`