Multiple Password Reset by user

id:  0b9ae89d-8cad-461c-808f-0494f70ad5c4
name: Multiple Password Reset by user
description: |
  'This query will determine multiple password resets by user across multiple data sources.
  Account manipulation including password reset may aid adversaries in maintaining access to credentials and certain permission levels within an environment.'
severity: Low
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
    dataTypes:
     - AuditLogs
  - connectorId: SecurityEvents
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityEvent
  - connectorId: Syslog
    dataTypes:
      - Syslog
  - connectorId: Office365
    dataTypes:
      - OfficeActivity
  - connectorId: WindowsSecurityEvents
    dataTypes:
      - SecurityEvents
  - connectorId: WindowsForwardedEvents
    dataTypes:
      - WindowsEvent
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 1d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - InitialAccess
  - CredentialAccess
relevantTechniques:
  - T1078
  - T1110
query: |
  let selfServicePasswordReset = dynamic(["Self-service password reset flow activity progress", "Change password (self-service)", "Reset password (self-service)"]); 
  //Self-service password reset flow activity progress is typically caused by a password policy which requires users to rotate passwords. This operation already implies the user has signed in successfully and therefore the password reset is non-malicious.
  let PerUserThreshold = 5;
  let TotalThreshold = 100;
  let action = dynamic(["change", "changed", "reset"]);
  let pWord = dynamic(["password", "credentials"]);
  let PasswordResetMultiDataSource =
  (union isfuzzy=true
  (//Password reset events
  //4723: An attempt was made to change an account's password
  //4724: An attempt was made to reset an accounts password
  SecurityEvent
  | where EventID in ("4723","4724")
  | project TimeGenerated, Computer, AccountType, Account, Type, TargetUserName),
  (//Password reset events
  //4723: An attempt was made to change an account's password
  //4724: An attempt was made to reset an accounts password
  WindowsEvent
  | where EventID in ("4723","4724")
  | extend SubjectUserSid = tostring(EventData.SubjectUserSid)
  | extend TargetUserName = tostring(EventData.TargetUserName)
  | extend Account = strcat(tostring(EventData.SubjectDomainName),"\\", tostring(EventData.SubjectUserName))
  | extend AccountType=case(Account endswith "$" or SubjectUserSid in ("S-1-5-18", "S-1-5-19", "S-1-5-20"), "Machine", isempty(SubjectUserSid), "", "User")
  | project TimeGenerated, Computer, AccountType, Account, Type, TargetUserName),
  (//Azure Active Directory Password reset events
  AuditLogs
  | where OperationName has_any (pWord) and OperationName has_any (action) and Result =~ "success"
  | where OperationName !in (selfServicePasswordReset)
  | mv-apply TargetResource = TargetResources on 
    (
        where TargetResource.type =~ "User"
        | extend AccountType = tostring(TargetResource.type),
                 Account = tostring(InitiatedBy.user.userPrincipalName),
                 TargetUserName = tolower(tostring(TargetResource.userPrincipalName))
    )
  | project TimeGenerated, AccountType, Account, TargetUserName, Computer = "", Type),
  (//OfficeActive ActiveDirectory Password reset events
  OfficeActivity
  | where OfficeWorkload == "AzureActiveDirectory"
  | where (ExtendedProperties has_any (pWord) or ModifiedProperties has_any (pWord)) and (ExtendedProperties has_any (action) or ModifiedProperties has_any (action))
  | extend AccountType = UserType, Account = OfficeObjectId
  | project TimeGenerated, AccountType, Account, Type, Computer = ""),
  (// Unix syslog password reset events
  Syslog
  | where Facility in ("auth","authpriv")
  | where SyslogMessage has_any (pWord) and SyslogMessage has_any (action)
  | extend AccountType = iif(SyslogMessage contains "root", "Root", "Non-Root")
  | where SyslogMessage matches regex ".*password changed for.*"
  | parse SyslogMessage with * "password changed for" Account
  | project TimeGenerated, AccountType, Account, Computer = HostName, Type)
  );
  let pwrmd = PasswordResetMultiDataSource
  | project TimeGenerated, Computer, AccountType, Account, Type, TargetUserName;
  (union isfuzzy=true
  (pwrmd
  | summarize StartTimeUtc = min(TimeGenerated), EndTimeUtc = max(TimeGenerated), Computerlist = make_set(Computer, 25), AccountType = make_set(AccountType, 25), Computer = arg_max(Computer , TimeGenerated), TargetUserList = make_set(TargetUserName, 25), TargetUserName = arg_max(TargetUserName, TimeGenerated), Total=count() by Account, Type
  | where Total > PerUserThreshold
  | extend ResetPivot = "PerUserReset"),
  (pwrmd
  | summarize StartTimeUtc = min(TimeGenerated), EndTimeUtc = max(TimeGenerated), ComputerList = make_set(Computer, 25), AccountList = make_set(Account, 25), AccountType = make_set(AccountType, 25), Computer = arg_max(Computer , TimeGenerated), TargetUserList = make_set(TargetUserName, 25), TargetUserName = arg_max(TargetUserName, TimeGenerated), Total=count() by Type
  | where Total > TotalThreshold
  | extend ResetPivot = "TotalUserReset")
  )
  | extend timestamp = StartTimeUtc, HostName = tostring(split(Computer, '.', 0)[0]), DnsDomain = tostring(strcat_array(array_slice(split(Computer, '.'), 1, -1), '.')), Name = tostring(split(Account, '@', 0)[0]), UPNSuffix = tostring(split(Account, '@', 1)[0]), TargetName = tostring(split(TargetUserName,'@',0)[0]), TargetUPNSuffix = tostring(split(TargetUserName,'@',1)[0])
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: Account
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: Name
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: UPNSuffix
  - entityType: Host
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: Computer
      - identifier: HostName
        columnName: HostName
      - identifier: DnsDomain
        columnName: DnsDomain
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: TargetUserName
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: TargetName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: TargetUPNSuffix
version: 2.1.7
kind: Scheduled
metadata:
    source:
        kind: Community
    author:
        name: Microsoft Security Research
    support:
        tier: Community
    categories:
        domains: [ "Security - Others", "Identity" ]