SharePointFileOperation via previously unseen IPs

Status: available
Severity: medium
Time window: 14d
Group by: ClientIP, Operation, Site_Url, UserId
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

Identifies anomalies using user behavior by setting a threshold for significant changes in file upload/download activities from new IP addresses. It establishes a baseline of typical behavior, compares it to recent activity, and flags deviations exceeding a default threshold of 25.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Exfiltration	`T1030` Data Transfer Size Limits

Event coverage

Provider	Event
M365-SharePointFileOperation	FileDownloaded
M365-SharePointFileOperation	FileUploaded

Rules detecting the same action

Other rules on this platform that filter on the same API call or operation.

Hunt for Non-Anonymous Office 365 file downloads (YARA-L)
New executable via Office FileUploaded Operation (Kusto)
O365 OneDrive Anonymous File Downloaded (YARA-L)
SharePointFileOperation via devices with previously unseen user agents (Kusto)

Rule body kusto

id: 4b11568b-3f5f-4ba1-80c8-7f1dc8390eb7
name: SharePointFileOperation via previously unseen IPs
description: |
  'Identifies anomalies using user behavior by setting a threshold for significant changes in file upload/download activities from new IP addresses. It establishes a baseline of typical behavior, compares it to recent activity, and flags deviations exceeding a default threshold of 25.'
severity: Medium
status: Available
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: Office365
    dataTypes:
      - OfficeActivity
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 14d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - Exfiltration
relevantTechniques:
  - T1030
query: |
  // Define a threshold for significant deviations
  let threshold = 25;
  // Define the name for the SharePoint File Operation record type
  let szSharePointFileOperation = "SharePointFileOperation";
  // Define an array of SharePoint operations of interest
  let szOperations = dynamic(["FileDownloaded", "FileUploaded"]);
  // Define the start and end time for the analysis period
  let starttime = 14d;
  let endtime = 1d;
  // Define a baseline of normal user behavior
  let userBaseline = OfficeActivity
  | where TimeGenerated between(ago(starttime)..ago(endtime))
  | where RecordType =~ szSharePointFileOperation
  | where Operation in~ (szOperations)
  | where isnotempty(UserAgent)
  | summarize Count = count() by UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP
  | summarize AvgCount = avg(Count) by UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP;
  // Get recent user activity
  let recentUserActivity = OfficeActivity
  | where TimeGenerated > ago(endtime)
  | where RecordType =~ szSharePointFileOperation
  | where Operation in~ (szOperations)
  | where isnotempty(UserAgent)
  | summarize StartTimeUtc = min(TimeGenerated), EndTimeUtc = max(TimeGenerated), RecentCount = count() by UserId, UserType, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP, OfficeObjectId, OfficeWorkload, UserAgent;
  // Join the baseline and recent activity, and calculate the deviation
  let UserBehaviorAnalysis = userBaseline | join kind=inner (recentUserActivity) on UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP
  | extend Deviation = abs(RecentCount - AvgCount) / AvgCount;
  // Filter for significant deviations
  UserBehaviorAnalysis
  | where Deviation > threshold
  | project StartTimeUtc, EndTimeUtc, UserId, UserType, Operation, ClientIP, Site_Url, OfficeObjectId, OfficeWorkload, UserAgent, Deviation, Count=RecentCount
  | order by Count desc, ClientIP asc, Operation asc, UserId asc
  | extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserId, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(UserId, "@")[1])
entityMappings:
  - entityType: Account
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: FullName
        columnName: UserId
      - identifier: Name
        columnName: AccountName
      - identifier: UPNSuffix
        columnName: AccountUPNSuffix
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: ClientIP
  - entityType: URL
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Url
        columnName: Site_Url
version: 2.0.4
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

let threshold = 25;
let szSharePointFileOperation = "SharePointFileOperation";
let szOperations = dynamic(["FileDownloaded", "FileUploaded"]);
let starttime = 14d;
let endtime = 1d;

Let binding: `recentUserActivity`

let recentUserActivity = OfficeActivity
| where TimeGenerated > ago(endtime)
| where RecordType =~ szSharePointFileOperation
| where Operation in~ (szOperations)
| where isnotempty(UserAgent)
| summarize StartTimeUtc = min(TimeGenerated), EndTimeUtc = max(TimeGenerated), RecentCount = count() by UserId, UserType, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP, OfficeObjectId, OfficeWorkload, UserAgent;

Derived from szSharePointFileOperation, szOperations, endtime.

The stages below define let UserBehaviorAnalysis (the rule's main pipeline source).

Stage 1: `source`

OfficeActivity

Stage 2: `where`

| where TimeGenerated between(ago(starttime)..ago(endtime))

Stage 3: `where`

| where RecordType =~ szSharePointFileOperation

Stage 4: `where`

| where Operation in~ (szOperations)

Stage 5: `where`

| where isnotempty(UserAgent)

Stage 6: `summarize`

| summarize Count = count() by UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP

Stage 7: `summarize`

| summarize AvgCount = avg(Count) by UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP

Stage 8: `join`

| join kind=inner (recentUserActivity) on UserId, Operation, Site_Url, ClientIP

Stage 9: `extend`

| extend Deviation = abs(RecentCount - AvgCount) / AvgCount

The stages below run on UserBehaviorAnalysis (the outer pipeline).

Stage 10: `where`

UserBehaviorAnalysis
| where Deviation > threshold

Stage 11: `project`

| project StartTimeUtc, EndTimeUtc, UserId, UserType, Operation, ClientIP, Site_Url, OfficeObjectId, OfficeWorkload, UserAgent, Deviation, Count=RecentCount

Stage 12: `sort`

| order by Count desc, ClientIP asc, Operation asc, UserId asc

Stage 13: `extend`

| extend AccountName = tostring(split(UserId, "@")[0]), AccountUPNSuffix = tostring(split(UserId, "@")[1])

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`Deviation`	gt	`25` transforms: `cased`
`Operation`	in	`FileDownloaded` `FileUploaded`
`RecordType`	eq	`SharePointFileOperation`
`UserAgent`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`ClientIP`	`project`
`Count`	`project`
`Deviation`	`project`
`EndTimeUtc`	`project`
`OfficeObjectId`	`project`
`OfficeWorkload`	`project`
`Operation`	`project`
`Site_Url`	`project`
`StartTimeUtc`	`project`
`UserAgent`	`project`
`UserId`	`project`
`UserType`	`project`
`AccountName`	`extend`
`AccountUPNSuffix`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

SharePointFileOperation via previously unseen IPs

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rules detecting the same action

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: `recentUserActivity`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `where`

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `summarize`

Stage 7: `summarize`

Stage 8: `join`

Stage 9: `extend`

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project`

Stage 12: `sort`

Stage 13: `extend`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

SharePointFileOperation via previously unseen IPs

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rules detecting the same action

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: recentUserActivity

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: where

Stage 4: where

Stage 5: where

Stage 6: summarize

Stage 7: summarize

Stage 8: join

Stage 9: extend

Stage 10: where

Stage 11: project

Stage 12: sort

Stage 13: extend

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `recentUserActivity`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `where`

Stage 4: `where`

Stage 5: `where`

Stage 6: `summarize`

Stage 7: `summarize`

Stage 8: `join`

Stage 9: `extend`

Stage 10: `where`

Stage 11: `project`

Stage 12: `sort`

Stage 13: `extend`