Sign-ins from IPs that attempt sign-ins to disabled accounts

Status: available
Severity: medium
Time window: 1d
Group by: IPAddress
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'Identifies IPs with failed attempts to sign in to one or more disabled accounts using the IP through which successful signins from other accounts have happened. This could indicate an attacker who obtained credentials for a list of accounts and is attempting to login with those accounts, some of which may have already been disabled. References: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-sign-ins-error-codes 50057 - User account is disabled. The account has been disabled by an administrator. This query has also been updated to include UEBA logs IdentityInfo and BehaviorAnalytics for contextual information around the results.'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Initial Access	`T1078` Valid Accounts
Persistence	`T1078` Valid Accounts, `T1098` Account Manipulation

Rule body kusto

id: 500c103a-0319-4d56-8e99-3cec8d860757
name: Sign-ins from IPs that attempt sign-ins to disabled accounts
description: |
  'Identifies IPs with failed attempts to sign in to one or more disabled accounts using the IP through which successful signins from other accounts have happened.
  This could indicate an attacker who obtained credentials for a list of accounts and is attempting to login with those accounts, some of which may have already been disabled.
  References: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/reference-sign-ins-error-codes
  50057 - User account is disabled. The account has been disabled by an administrator.
  This query has also been updated to include UEBA logs IdentityInfo and BehaviorAnalytics for contextual information around the results.'
severity: Medium
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
    dataTypes:
      - SigninLogs
  - connectorId: AzureActiveDirectory
    dataTypes:
      - AADNonInteractiveUserSignInLogs
  - connectorId: BehaviorAnalytics
    dataTypes:
      - BehaviorAnalytics
queryFrequency: 1d
queryPeriod: 1d
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
status: Available
tactics:
  - InitialAccess
  - Persistence
relevantTechniques:
  - T1078
  - T1098
query: |
  let aadFunc = (tableName: string) {
  let failed_signins = table(tableName)
  | where ResultType == "50057"
  | where ResultDescription == "User account is disabled. The account has been disabled by an administrator.";
  let disabled_users = failed_signins | summarize by UserPrincipalName;
  table(tableName)
    | where ResultType == 0
    | where isnotempty(UserPrincipalName)
    | where UserPrincipalName !in (disabled_users)
  | summarize
          successfulAccountsTargettedCount = dcount(UserPrincipalName),
          successfulAccountSigninSet = make_set(UserPrincipalName, 100),
          successfulApplicationSet = make_set(AppDisplayName, 100)
      by IPAddress, Type
      // Assume IPs associated with sign-ins from 100+ distinct user accounts are safe
      | where successfulAccountsTargettedCount < 50
      | where isnotempty(successfulAccountsTargettedCount)
    | join kind=inner (failed_signins
  | summarize
      StartTime = min(TimeGenerated),
      EndTime = max(TimeGenerated),
      totalDisabledAccountLoginAttempts = count(),
      disabledAccountsTargettedCount = dcount(UserPrincipalName),
      applicationsTargeted = dcount(AppDisplayName),
      disabledAccountSet = make_set(UserPrincipalName, 100),
      disabledApplicationSet = make_set(AppDisplayName, 100)
  by IPAddress, Type
  | order by totalDisabledAccountLoginAttempts desc) on IPAddress
  | project StartTime, EndTime, IPAddress, totalDisabledAccountLoginAttempts, disabledAccountsTargettedCount, disabledAccountSet, disabledApplicationSet, successfulApplicationSet, successfulAccountsTargettedCount, successfulAccountSigninSet, Type
  | order by totalDisabledAccountLoginAttempts};
  let aadSignin = aadFunc("SigninLogs");
  let aadNonInt = aadFunc("AADNonInteractiveUserSignInLogs");
  union isfuzzy=true aadSignin, aadNonInt
  | join kind=leftouter (
      BehaviorAnalytics
      | where ActivityType in ("FailedLogOn", "LogOn")
      | where EventSource =~ "Azure AD"
      | project UsersInsights, DevicesInsights, ActivityInsights, InvestigationPriority, SourceIPAddress, UserPrincipalName
      | project-rename IPAddress = SourceIPAddress
      | summarize
          Users = make_set(UserPrincipalName, 100),
          UsersInsights = make_set(UsersInsights, 100),
          DevicesInsights = make_set(DevicesInsights, 100),
          IPInvestigationPriority = sum(InvestigationPriority)
      by IPAddress
  ) on IPAddress
  | extend SFRatio = toreal(toreal(disabledAccountsTargettedCount)/toreal(successfulAccountsTargettedCount))
  | where SFRatio >= 0.5
  | sort by IPInvestigationPriority desc
entityMappings:
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: IPAddress
version: 2.1.3
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

let aadSignin = aadFunc("SigninLogs");
let aadNonInt = aadFunc("AADNonInteractiveUserSignInLogs");

Let binding: `aadFunc`

let aadFunc = (tableName: string) {
let failed_signins = table(tableName)
| where ResultType == "50057"
| where ResultDescription == "User account is disabled. The account has been disabled by an administrator.";

Let binding: `disabled_users`

let disabled_users = failed_signins | summarize by UserPrincipalName;

Stage 1: `union`

union of 2 branches

Stage 2: `source`

aadFunc

Stage 3: `source`

aadFunc

Stage 4: `join`

join kind=leftouter (...)

Stage 5: `extend`

extend SFRatio

Stage 6: `where`

where SFRatio >= 0.5

Stage 7: `sort`

sort by IPInvestigationPriority

Stage 8: `summarize`

summarize by IPAddress

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`ActivityType`	in	`FailedLogOn` transforms: `cased` `LogOn` transforms: `cased`
`EventSource`	eq	`Azure AD`
`SFRatio`	ge	`0.5` transforms: `cased`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`IPAddress`	`summarize`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Sign-ins from IPs that attempt sign-ins to disabled accounts

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: `aadFunc`

Let binding: `disabled_users`

Stage 1: `union`

Stage 2: `source`

Stage 3: `source`

Stage 4: `join`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `sort`

Stage 8: `summarize`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Sign-ins from IPs that attempt sign-ins to disabled accounts

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Parameters

Let binding: aadFunc

Let binding: disabled_users

Stage 1: union

Stage 2: source

Stage 3: source

Stage 4: join

Stage 5: extend

Stage 6: where

Stage 7: sort

Stage 8: summarize

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `aadFunc`

Let binding: `disabled_users`

Stage 1: `union`

Stage 2: `source`

Stage 3: `source`

Stage 4: `join`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `sort`

Stage 8: `summarize`