Tomcat - Server errors after multiple requests from same IP

Status: available
Severity: medium
Time window: 1h
Group by: SrcIpAddr
Source: github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel

'Detects server errors after multiple requests from same IP address.'

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Initial Access	`T1133` External Remote Services, `T1190` Exploit Public-Facing Application
Impact	`T1498` Network Denial of Service

Rule body kusto

id: 875da588-4875-11ec-81d3-0242ac130003
name: Tomcat - Server errors after multiple requests from same IP
description: |
  'Detects server errors after multiple requests from same IP address.'
severity: Medium
status: Available
requiredDataConnectors:
  - connectorId: CustomLogsAma
    datatypes:
      - Tomcat_CL
queryFrequency: 1h
queryPeriod: 1h
triggerOperator: gt
triggerThreshold: 0
tactics:
  - Impact
  - InitialAccess
relevantTechniques:
  - T1498
  - T1190
  - T1133
query: |
  let multi_errors = TomcatEvent
  | where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 500 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 599
  | sort by EventStartTime asc
  | summarize MultipleServerErrors = count() by SrcIpAddr, bin(EventStartTime, 5m)
  | where MultipleServerErrors > 10;
  let error_time_table = TomcatEvent
  | where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 500 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 599
  | summarize error_time=min(EventStartTime) by SrcIpAddr
  | join kind=innerunique (multi_errors) on SrcIpAddr;
  TomcatEvent
  | where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 100 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 399
  | summarize success_time=max(EventStartTime) by SrcIpAddr
  | join kind=innerunique (error_time_table) on SrcIpAddr
  | extend time_between_error_and_success = datetime_diff('second', error_time, success_time)
  | where time_between_error_and_success between (1 .. 300)
  | project time_between_error_and_success, error_time, success_time, SrcIpAddr
  | extend IPCustomEntity = SrcIpAddr
entityMappings:
  - entityType: IP
    fieldMappings:
      - identifier: Address
        columnName: IPCustomEntity
version: 1.0.2
kind: Scheduled

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: `multi_errors`

let multi_errors = TomcatEvent
| where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 500 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 599
| sort by EventStartTime asc
| summarize MultipleServerErrors = count() by SrcIpAddr, bin(EventStartTime, 5m)
| where MultipleServerErrors > 10;

Let binding: `error_time_table`

let error_time_table = TomcatEvent
| where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 500 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 599
| summarize error_time=min(EventStartTime) by SrcIpAddr
| join kind=innerunique (multi_errors) on SrcIpAddr;

Derived from multi_errors.

Stage 1: `source`

TomcatEvent

Stage 2: `where`

| where toint(HttpStatusCode) >= 100 and toint(HttpStatusCode) <= 399

Stage 3: `summarize`

| summarize success_time=max(EventStartTime) by SrcIpAddr

Stage 4: `join`

| join kind=innerunique (error_time_table) on SrcIpAddr

Stage 5: `extend`

| extend time_between_error_and_success = datetime_diff('second', error_time, success_time)

Stage 6: `where`

| where time_between_error_and_success between (1 .. 300)

Stage 7: `project`

| project time_between_error_and_success, error_time, success_time, SrcIpAddr

Stage 8: `extend`

| extend IPCustomEntity = SrcIpAddr

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`HttpStatusCode`	ge	`100` transforms: `toint`, `cased` `500` transforms: `toint`, `cased`
`HttpStatusCode`	le	`399` transforms: `toint`, `cased` `599` transforms: `toint`, `cased`
`MultipleServerErrors`	gt	`10` transforms: `cased`
`time_between_error_and_success`	ge	`1`
`time_between_error_and_success`	le	`300`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`SrcIpAddr`	`project`
`error_time`	`project`
`success_time`	`project`
`time_between_error_and_success`	`project`
`IPCustomEntity`	`extend`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Tomcat - Server errors after multiple requests from same IP

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: `multi_errors`

Let binding: `error_time_table`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `summarize`

Stage 4: `join`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `project`

Stage 8: `extend`

Indicators

Output fields

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Tomcat - Server errors after multiple requests from same IP

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body kusto

Stages and Predicates

Let binding: multi_errors

Let binding: error_time_table

Stage 1: source

Stage 2: where

Stage 3: summarize

Stage 4: join

Stage 5: extend

Stage 6: where

Stage 7: project

Stage 8: extend

Indicators

Output fields

Let binding: `multi_errors`

Let binding: `error_time_table`

Stage 1: `source`

Stage 2: `where`

Stage 3: `summarize`

Stage 4: `join`

Stage 5: `extend`

Stage 6: `where`

Stage 7: `project`

Stage 8: `extend`