AWS CloudTrail CloudWatch Logs

Severity: low
Compliance: CIS 2.4
Tags: AWS, Security Control, Defense Evasion:Impair Defenses
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/send-cloudtrail-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

CloudTrail supports sending data and management events to CloudWatch Logs. This setup can be used for real-time processing of all CloudTrail data events.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Stealth	`T1562` Impair Defenses

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: policy
Filename: aws_cloudtrail_cloudwatch_logs.py
PolicyID: "AWS.CloudTrail.CloudWatchLogs"
DisplayName: "AWS CloudTrail CloudWatch Logs"
Enabled: false
ResourceTypes:
  - AWS.CloudTrail
Tags:
  - AWS
  - Security Control
  - Defense Evasion:Impair Defenses
Reports:
  CIS:
    - 2.4
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0005:T1562
Severity: Low
Description: >
  CloudTrail supports sending data and management events to CloudWatch Logs. This setup can be
  used for real-time processing of all CloudTrail data events.
Runbook: >
  https://docs.runpanther.io/alert-runbooks/built-in-policies/aws-cloudtrail-trails-integrated-with-cloudwatch-logs
Reference: >
  https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/send-cloudtrail-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html
Tests:
  - Name: CloudWatch Logs Not Setup
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "EventSelectors":
          [
            {
              "DataResources": [{ "Type": "AWS::S3::Object", "Values": [] }],
              "IncludeManagementEvents": false,
              "ReadWriteType": "All",
            },
          ],
        "CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn": null,
        "CloudWatchLogsRoleArn": null,
        "HasCustomEventSelectors": true,
        "HomeRegion": "us-west-2",
        "IncludeGlobalServiceEvents": true,
        "IsMultiRegionTrail": false,
        "IsOrganizationTrail": false,
        "KmsKeyId": null,
        "LogFileValidationEnabled": true,
        "Name": "cloudtrail-name",
        "S3BucketName": "bucket-name",
        "S3KeyPrefix": null,
        "SnsTopicARN": null,
        "SnsTopicName": null,
        "TrailARN": "arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-west-2:112233445566:trail/cloudtrail-name",
        "Status":
          {
            "IsLogging": true,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime": null,
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptSucceeded": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDigestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDigestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptSucceeded": "",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptTime": "",
            "LatestNotificationError": null,
            "LatestNotificationTime": null,
            "StartLoggingTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "StopLoggingTime": null,
            "TimeLoggingStarted": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "TimeLoggingStopped": "",
          },
      }
  - Name: CloudTrail Set But No Logs Delivered
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "EventSelectors":
          [
            {
              "DataResources": [{ "Type": "AWS::S3::Object", "Values": [] }],
              "IncludeManagementEvents": false,
              "ReadWriteType": "All",
            },
          ],
        "CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn": "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-west-2:123456789012:watch/cloudwatch-name",
        "CloudWatchLogsRoleArn": null,
        "HasCustomEventSelectors": true,
        "HomeRegion": "us-west-2",
        "IncludeGlobalServiceEvents": true,
        "IsMultiRegionTrail": false,
        "IsOrganizationTrail": false,
        "KmsKeyId": null,
        "LogFileValidationEnabled": true,
        "Name": "cloudtrail-name",
        "S3BucketName": "bucket-name",
        "S3KeyPrefix": null,
        "SnsTopicARN": null,
        "SnsTopicName": null,
        "TrailARN": "arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-west-2:112233445566:trail/cloudtrail-name",
        "Status":
          {
            "IsLogging": true,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime": null,
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptSucceeded": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDigestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDigestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptSucceeded": "",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptTime": "",
            "LatestNotificationError": null,
            "LatestNotificationTime": null,
            "StartLoggingTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "StopLoggingTime": null,
            "TimeLoggingStarted": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "TimeLoggingStopped": "",
          },
      }
  - Name: CloudTrail Set But Logs Delivered Too Long Ago
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "EventSelectors":
          [
            {
              "DataResources": [{ "Type": "AWS::S3::Object", "Values": [] }],
              "IncludeManagementEvents": false,
              "ReadWriteType": "All",
            },
          ],
        "CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn": "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-west-2:123456789012:watch/cloudwatch-name",
        "CloudWatchLogsRoleArn": null,
        "HasCustomEventSelectors": true,
        "HomeRegion": "us-west-2",
        "IncludeGlobalServiceEvents": true,
        "IsMultiRegionTrail": false,
        "IsOrganizationTrail": false,
        "KmsKeyId": null,
        "LogFileValidationEnabled": true,
        "Name": "cloudtrail-name",
        "S3BucketName": "bucket-name",
        "S3KeyPrefix": null,
        "SnsTopicARN": null,
        "SnsTopicName": null,
        "TrailARN": "arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-west-2:112233445566:trail/cloudtrail-name",
        "Status":
          {
            "IsLogging": true,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime": "1019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptSucceeded": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDigestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDigestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptSucceeded": "",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptTime": "",
            "LatestNotificationError": null,
            "LatestNotificationTime": null,
            "StartLoggingTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "StopLoggingTime": null,
            "TimeLoggingStarted": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "TimeLoggingStopped": "",
          },
      }
  - Name: CloudTrail Set And Logs Delivered Recently
    ExpectedResult: true
    Resource:
      {
        "EventSelectors":
          [
            {
              "DataResources": [{ "Type": "AWS::S3::Object", "Values": [] }],
              "IncludeManagementEvents": false,
              "ReadWriteType": "All",
            },
          ],
        "CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn": "arn:aws:cloudwatch:us-west-2:123456789012:watch/cloudwatch-name",
        "CloudWatchLogsRoleArn": null,
        "HasCustomEventSelectors": true,
        "HomeRegion": "us-west-2",
        "IncludeGlobalServiceEvents": true,
        "IsMultiRegionTrail": false,
        "IsOrganizationTrail": false,
        "KmsKeyId": null,
        "LogFileValidationEnabled": true,
        "Name": "cloudtrail-name",
        "S3BucketName": "bucket-name",
        "S3KeyPrefix": null,
        "SnsTopicARN": null,
        "SnsTopicName": null,
        "TrailARN": "arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-west-2:112233445566:trail/cloudtrail-name",
        "Status":
          {
            "IsLogging": true,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime": "3019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptSucceeded": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryAttemptTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestDigestDeliveryError": null,
            "LatestDigestDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptSucceeded": "",
            "LatestNotificationAttemptTime": "",
            "LatestNotificationError": null,
            "LatestNotificationTime": null,
            "StartLoggingTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "StopLoggingTime": null,
            "TimeLoggingStarted": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "TimeLoggingStopped": "",
          },
      }

Detection logic

Condition

not (CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn is_not_null and Status.LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime is_not_null)

This rule also runs imperative logic the parser cannot express as a filter; the conditions above are the structured part it could extract.

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)
`Status.LatestCloudWatchLogsDeliveryTime`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)