Logins Without MFA

Severity: high
Compliance: CIS 3.2; Stratus Red Team aws.initial-access.console-login-without-mfa
Log types: AWS.CloudTrail
Tags: AWS, Identity & Access Management, Authentication, Initial Access:Valid Accounts
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa.html
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

A console login was made without multi-factor authentication.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Initial Access	`T1078` Valid Accounts

Rules detecting the same action

Other rules on this platform that filter on the same API call or operation.

AWS Console Login (Panther)
AWS Console Login Failed During MFA Challenge (Splunk)
AWS ConsoleLogin Failed Authentication (Sigma)
AWS CreateLoginProfile (Splunk)
AWS Credential Access Failed Login (Splunk)
AWS High Number Of Failed Authentications For User (Splunk)
AWS High Number Of Failed Authentications From Ip (Splunk)
AWS Multiple Failed MFA Requests For User (Splunk)

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: rule
Filename: aws_console_login_without_mfa.py
RuleID: "AWS.Console.LoginWithoutMFA"
DisplayName: "Logins Without MFA"
Enabled: true
LogTypes:
  - AWS.CloudTrail
Tags:
  - AWS
  - Identity & Access Management
  - Authentication
  - Initial Access:Valid Accounts
Reports:
  CIS:
    - 3.2
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0001:T1078

  Stratus Red Team:
    - aws.initial-access.console-login-without-mfa
Severity: High
Description: A console login was made without multi-factor authentication.
Runbook: https://docs.runpanther.io/alert-runbooks/built-in-rules/aws-console-login-without-mfa
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_mfa.html
SummaryAttributes:
  - userAgent
  - sourceIpAddress
  - recipientAccountId
  - p_any_aws_arns
Tests:
  - Name: No MFA Login - IAM User
    ExpectedResult: true
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: No MFA Login - IAM User Unknown Account
    ExpectedResult: true
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789013:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789013",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789013",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: No MFA Login - Root User
    ExpectedResult: true
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accessKeyId": "",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root",
            "principalId": "123456789012",
            "type": "Root",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: MFA Login - SAML
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
            "SamlProviderArn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:saml-provider/Okta",
          },
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: MFA Login
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "Yes",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: No MFA - Login Failed
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Failure" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "Yes",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: No MFA - authenticated from session with MFA
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "p_event_time": "2019-01-01 00:20:04.000Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/testrole_34c15ddd84cb4648/tester@example.com",
            "principalId": "AROAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:tester@example.com",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2019-09-01T21:20:03Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "true",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "accountId": "123456789012",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/aws-reserved/sso.amazonaws.com/us-east-1/testrole_34c15ddd84cb4648",
                    "principalId": "AROAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
                    "type": "Role",
                    "userName": "testrole_34c15ddd84cb4648",
                  },
                "webIdFederationData": {},
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }

  - Name: No MFA Login - New User
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "True"
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "1111",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/tester",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "tester",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: AWS SSOv2 Login
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "additionalEventData": { "MFAUsed": "No", "MobileVersion": "No" },
        "awsRegion": "us-east-2",
        "eventID": "1111111111",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventTime": "2022-03-16 19:17:41",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "managementEvent": true,

        "readOnly": false,
        "recipientAccountId": "xxx",
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.2.3.4",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accountId": "xxx",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::xxx:assumed-role/AWSReservedSSO_developer_admin_asdf/foo@bar.com",
            "principalId": "xxx:foo@bar.com",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2022-03-16T19:17:41Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "false",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "accountId": "xxx",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::xxx:role/aws-reserved/sso.amazonaws.com/us-east-2/AWSReservedSSO_developer_admin_asdf",
                    "principalId": "xxx",
                    "type": "Role",
                    "userName": "AWSReservedSSO_developer_admin_asdf",
                  },
                "webIdFederationData": {},
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }

  - Name: AssumeRole from MFA User Session
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: check_account_age
        returnValue: "False"
    Log:
      {
        "additionalEventData": { "MFAUsed": "No", "MobileVersion": "No" },
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "sdsdsdsd",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventTime": "2022-03-29 17:16:36.000000000",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "readOnly": false,
        "recipientAccountId": "111111111111111",
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "sourceIPAddress": "1.1.1.1",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.83 Safari/537.36",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accountId": "11111",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2022-03-29T17:16:35Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "true",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  { "accountId": "2222", "type": "Role", "userName": "asdsda" },
                "webIdFederationData": {},
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }
  - Name: No MFA - IAM Role and External IDP
    ExpectedResult: false
    Mocks:
      - objectName: ROLES_VIA_EXTERNAL_IDP
        returnValue: True
    Log:
      {
        "eventVersion": "1.05",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/SomeRole/1641313043312360000",
            "principalId": "AROAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:1641313043312360000",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2022-01-04T16:17:27Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "false",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "accountId": "123456789012",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/SomeRole",
                    "principalId": "AROAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
                    "type": "Role",
                    "userName": "SomeRole",
                  },
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
        "eventTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "eventSource": "signin.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "ConsoleLogin",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "sourceIPAddress": "111.111.111.111",
        "userAgent": "Mozilla",
        "requestParameters": null,
        "responseElements": { "ConsoleLogin": "Success" },
        "additionalEventData":
          {
            "LoginTo": "https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/",
            "MobileVersion": "No",
            "MFAUsed": "No",
          },
        "eventID": "1",
        "eventType": "AwsConsoleSignIn",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789013",
        "p_row_id": "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
      }

Detection logic

Condition

eventName eq "ConsoleLogin"
userIdentity.type not eq "AssumedRole"
not (userIdentity.arn contains "AWSReservedSSO" or additionalEventData.SamlProviderArn is_not_null)
responseElements.ConsoleLogin eq "Success"
additionalEventData.MFAUsed ne "Yes"
userIdentity.sessionContext.attributes.mfaAuthenticated ne "true"

This rule also runs imperative logic the parser cannot express as a filter; the conditions above are the structured part it could extract.

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`additionalEventData.SamlProviderArn`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)
`userIdentity.arn`	contains	`AWSReservedSSO`
`userIdentity.type`	eq	`AssumedRole`

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`additionalEventData.MFAUsed`	ne	`Yes`
`eventName`	eq	`ConsoleLogin`
`responseElements.ConsoleLogin`	eq	`Success`
`userIdentity.sessionContext.attributes.mfaAuthenticated`	ne	`true`

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field
`eventName`
`eventSource`
`awsRegion`
`recipientAccountId`
`sourceIPAddress`
`userAgent`
`userIdentity`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
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`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)