AWS EC2 Volume Encryption

Severity: high
Tags: AWS, Data Protection, Collection:Data From Local System
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSEncryption.html
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

You can encrypt both the boot and data volumes of an EC2 instance.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Collection	`T1005` Data from Local System

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: policy
Filename: aws_ec2_volume_encryption.py
PolicyID: "AWS.EC2.Volume.Encryption"
DisplayName: "AWS EC2 Volume Encryption"
Enabled: true
ResourceTypes:
  - AWS.EC2.Volume
Tags:
  - AWS
  - Data Protection
  - Collection:Data From Local System
Reports:
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0009:T1005
Severity: High
Description: >
  You can encrypt both the boot and data volumes of an EC2 instance.
Runbook: >
  https://docs.runpanther.io/alert-runbooks/built-in-policies/aws-ec2-instance-volumes-are-encrypted
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSEncryption.html
Tests:
  - Name: Volume Encrypted
    ExpectedResult: true
    Resource:
      {
        "AccountId": "123456789012",
        "Region": "ap-southeast-2",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ec2:ap-southeast-2:123456789012:volume/vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "ID": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "Tags": {},
        "ResourceID": "arn:aws:ec2:ap-southeast-2:123456789012:volume/vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "ResourceType": "AWS.EC2.Volume",
        "TimeCreated": "2019-04-02T17:16:30.000Z",
        "Attachments":
          [
            {
              "AttachTime": "2019-04-02T17:16:30Z",
              "DeleteOnTermination": true,
              "Device": "/dev/sda1",
              "InstanceId": "instance-aabbcc123",
              "State": "attached",
              "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
            },
          ],
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2b",
        "Encrypted": true,
        "Iops": 100,
        "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
        "Size": 10,
        "SnapshotId": "snap-abcdefg012345",
        "State": "in-use",
        "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "VolumeType": "gp2",
        "Snapshots":
          [
            {
              "DataEncryptionKeyId": null,
              "Description": "Copied for destinationAmi...",
              "Encrypted": false,
              "KmsKeyId": null,
              "OwnerAlias": null,
              "OwnerId": "123456789012",
              "Progress": "100%",
              "SnapshotId": "snapshot-aaabbbccc123123",
              "StartTime": "2019-04-02T17:16:30Z",
              "State": "completed",
              "StateMessage": null,
              "Tags": null,
              "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
              "VolumeSize": 16,
              "CreateVolumePermissions":
                [{ "Group": "GroupName", "UserId": "user-123" }],
            },
          ],
      }
  - Name: Volume Not Encrypted
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "AccountId": "123456789012",
        "Region": "ap-southeast-2",
        "ARN": "arn:aws:ec2:ap-southeast-2:123456789012:volume/vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "ID": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "Tags": {},
        "ResourceID": "arn:aws:ec2:ap-southeast-2:123456789012:volume/vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "ResourceType": "AWS.EC2.Volume",
        "TimeCreated": "2019-04-02T17:16:30.000Z",
        "Attachments":
          [
            {
              "AttachTime": "2019-04-02T17:16:30Z",
              "DeleteOnTermination": true,
              "Device": "/dev/sda1",
              "InstanceId": "instance-aabbcc123",
              "State": "attached",
              "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
            },
          ],
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2b",
        "Encrypted": false,
        "Iops": 100,
        "KmsKeyId": null,
        "Size": 10,
        "SnapshotId": "snap-abcdefg012345",
        "State": "in-use",
        "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
        "VolumeType": "gp2",
        "Snapshots":
          [
            {
              "DataEncryptionKeyId": null,
              "Description": "Copied for destinationAmi...",
              "Encrypted": false,
              "KmsKeyId": null,
              "OwnerAlias": null,
              "OwnerId": "123456789012",
              "Progress": "100%",
              "SnapshotId": "snapshot-aaabbbccc123123",
              "StartTime": "2019-04-02T17:16:30Z",
              "State": "completed",
              "StateMessage": null,
              "Tags": null,
              "VolumeId": "vol-aaabbbccc123123",
              "VolumeSize": 16,
              "CreateVolumePermissions":
                [{ "Group": "GroupName", "UserId": "user-123" }],
            },
          ],
      }

Detection logic

Condition

not (State ne "in-use" or Encrypted is_not_null)

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`Encrypted`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)
`State`	ne	`in-use`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

AWS EC2 Volume Encryption

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body yaml

Detection logic

Condition

Exclusions

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators