AWS Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure

Severity: medium
Group by: requestParameters.instancesSet.items
Entities: aws_account_ids, aws_arns, aws_instance_ids, aws_tags, domain_names, ip_addresses, trace_ids, usernames
Log types: AWS.CloudTrail
Tags: Configuration Required
Reference: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

Detection when EC2 compute infrastructure is modified outside of expected automation methods.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Defense Impairment	`T1578` Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure

Rules detecting the same action

Other rules on this platform that filter on the same API call or operation.

AWS EC2 Export Task (Elastic)
AWS EC2 Instance Profile Associated with Running Instance (Elastic)
AWS EC2 Launch Unusual EC2 Instances (Panther)
AWS EC2 Security Group Configuration Change (Elastic)
AWS EC2 Startup Shell Script Change (Sigma)
AWS EC2 Stop, Start, and User Data Modification Correlation (Elastic)
AWS EC2 VM Export Failure (Sigma)

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: rule
Description: Detection when EC2 compute infrastructure is modified outside of expected automation methods.
DisplayName: "AWS Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure"
Enabled: false
Filename: aws_modify_cloud_compute_infrastructure.py
Reference: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/
Severity: Medium
Reports:
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0005:T1578
Tags:
  # Note: This detection doesn't require configuration. It carries the Configuration Required
  # tag due to checks for Enabled:false and Pack content
  - Configuration Required
Runbook: |
  This detection reports on eventSource ec2 Change events. This detection excludes Cross-Service
  change events.  As such, this detection will perform well in environments where changes are
  expected to originate only from AWS service entities.

  This detection will emit alerts frequently in environments where users are
  making ec2 related changes.
Tests:
  - ExpectedResult: true
    Log:
      { awsRegion: "us-west-2",
          eventID: "59e8d6b8-de7b-43ca-961f-0c6f4531fcf0",
          eventName: "TerminateInstances",
          eventSource: "ec2.amazonaws.com",
          eventTime: "2021-10-29 23:50:09",
          eventType: "AwsApiCall",
          eventVersion: "1.08",
          managementEvent: true,
          p_any_aws_account_ids:
            [ "111222333444" ],
          p_any_aws_arns:
            [ "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/FakeRole" ],
          p_any_aws_instance_ids:
            [ "i-0d9853f67e40ab80b" ],
          p_any_domain_names:
            [ "ec2.amazonaws.com" ],
          p_event_time: "2021-10-29 23:50:09",
          p_log_type: "AWS.CloudTrail",
          p_parse_time: "2021-10-29 23:54:06.45",
          p_row_id: "e6f7bd65083bfeb7feced38f0da18a01",
          p_source_id: "5f9f0f60-9c56-4027-b93a-8bab3019f0f1",
          p_source_label: "SomeCloudTrail",
          readOnly: false,
          recipientAccountId: "111222333444",
          requestID: "a520eeaf-c258-4260-954e-b4a976e6c72b",
          requestParameters:
            { instancesSet:
                { items:
                    [ { instanceId: "i-0d9853f67e40ab80b" } ] } },
          responseElements:
            { instancesSet:
                { items:
                    [ { currentState:
                          { code: 32,
                            name: "shutting-down" },
                        instanceId: "i-0d9853f67e40ab80b",
                        previousState:
                          { code: 16,
                            name: "running" } } ],
                  requestId: "a520eeaf-c258-4260-954e-b4a976e6c72b" }},
          userIdentity:
            { accountId: "111222333444",
                arn: "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/SomeRole/AThing",
                sessionContext:
                  { attributes:
                      { creationDate: "2021-10-29T23:50:08Z",
                          mfaAuthenticated: "false" },
                      webIdFederationData: { } },
                type: "AssumedRole" } }
    Name: Terminate Instance from AssumedRole
  - ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      { awsRegion: "us-west-2",
          eventID: "59e8d6b8-de7b-43ca-961f-0c6f4531fcf0",
          eventName: "TerminateInstances",
          eventSource: "ec2.amazonaws.com",
          eventTime: "2021-10-29 23:50:09",
          eventType: "AwsApiCall",
          eventVersion: "1.08",
          managementEvent: true,
          p_any_aws_account_ids:
            [ "111222333444" ],
          p_any_aws_arns:
            [ "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/aws-service-role/autoscaling.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling",
              "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling/AutoScaling" ],
          p_any_aws_instance_ids:
            [ "i-0d9853f67e40ab80b" ],
          p_any_domain_names:
            [ "autoscaling.amazonaws.com" ],
          p_event_time: "2021-10-29 23:50:09",
          p_log_type: "AWS.CloudTrail",
          p_parse_time: "2021-10-29 23:54:06.45",
          p_row_id: "e6f7bd65083bfeb7feced38f0da18a01",
          p_source_id: "5f9f0f60-9c56-4027-b93a-8bab3019f0f1",
          p_source_label: "SomeCloudTrail",
          readOnly: false,
          recipientAccountId: "111222333444",
          requestID: "a520eeaf-c258-4260-954e-b4a976e6c72b",
          requestParameters:
            { instancesSet:
                { items:
                    [ { instanceId: "i-0d9853f67e40ab80b" } ] } },
          responseElements:
            { instancesSet:
                { items:
                    [ { currentState:
                          { code: 32,
                              name: "shutting-down" },
                          instanceId: i-0d9853f67e40ab80b,
                          previousState:
                            { code: 16,
                                name: "running" } } ] },
                requestId: "a520eeaf-c258-4260-954e-b4a976e6c72b" },
          sourceIPAddress: "autoscaling.amazonaws.com",
          userAgent: "autoscaling.amazonaws.com",
          userIdentity:
            { accountId: "111222333444",
                arn: "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling/AutoScaling",
                invokedBy: "autoscaling.amazonaws.com",
                principalId: "AROATSZWD7TDLUEWEUXXI:AutoScaling",
                sessionContext:
                  { attributes:
                      { creationDate: "2021-10-29T23:50:08Z",
                          mfaAuthenticated: "false" },
                      sessionIssuer:
                        { accountId: "111222333444",
                            arn: "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/aws-service-role/autoscaling.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling",
                            principalId: "AROATSZWD7TDLUEWEUXXI",
                            type: "Role",
                            userName: "AWSServiceRoleForAutoScaling" },
                      webIdFederationData: { } },
                type: "AssumedRole" } }
    Name: Terminate Instance from autoscaling
  - ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      { additionalEventData:
          { insufficientLakeFormationPermissions:
              [ "panther_rule_errors:gsuite_activityevent" ],
              lakeFormationPrincipal: "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S" },
          awsRegion: "us-east-1",
          errorCode: "EntityNotFoundException",
          errorMessage: "Cannot find partition.",
          eventID: "8780fc6b-7742-4a45-b757-c351a54c79b8",
          eventName: "GetPartition",
          eventSource: "glue.amazonaws.com",
          eventTime: "2021-10-14 14:21:22",
          eventType: "AwsApiCall",
          eventVersion: "1.08",
          managementEvent: true,
          p_any_aws_account_ids:
            [ "111222333444" ],
          p_any_aws_arns:
            [ "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S",
              "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S/panther-datacatalog-compactor" ],
          p_any_ip_addresses:
            [ "54.90.94.136" ],
          p_event_time: "2021-10-14 14:21:22",
          p_log_type: "AWS.CloudTrail",
          p_parse_time: "2021-10-14 14:27:06.54",
          p_row_id: "7235e51c49e780a5a4e281e90c850c",
          p_source_id: "5f9f0f60-9c56-4027-b93a-8bab3019f0f1",
          p_source_label: "SomeCloudTrail",
          readOnly: true,
          recipientAccountId: "111222333444",
          requestID: "cdb450f7-1cd8-463b-8449-71274d95a5a3",
          requestParameters:
            { databaseName: "panther_rule_errors",
                partitionValues:
                  [ "2021",
                    "10",
                    "13",
                    "19",
                    "1634151600" ],
                tableName: "gsuite_activityevent" },
          sourceIPAddress: "54.90.94.136",
          userAgent: "aws-sdk-go/1.40.21 (go1.17; linux; amd64) exec-env/AWS_Lambda_go1.x",
          userIdentity:
            { accessKeyId: "ASIAJMVY5WC5K4TDFNFA",
                accountId: "111222333444",
                arn: "arn:aws:sts::111222333444:assumed-role/panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S/panther-datacatalog-compactor",
                principalId: "AROA4UN2W2PXWZMJ2L3PC:panther-datacatalog-compactor",
                sessionContext:
                  { attributes:
                      { creationDate: "2021-10-14T14:20:28Z",
                          mfaAuthenticated: "false" },
                      sessionIssuer:
                        { accountId: "111222333444",
                            arn: "arn:aws:iam::111222333444:role/panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S",
                            principalId: "AROA4UN2W2PXWZMJ2L3PC",
                            type: "Role",
                            userName: "panther-Panther-4JL51Q6AU6SH-LogAnal-CompactorRole-W1WCIV3PHU0S" },
                      webIdFederationData: { } },
                type: "AssumedRole" } }
    Name: Get Partition
  - Name: Terminate instance From WebUI with assumedRole
    ExpectedResult: true
    Log:
      {
        "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
        "eventCategory": "Management",
        "eventID": "01f39d3b-4a26-4045-bb36-1e57b7d07997",
        "eventName": "RunInstances",
        "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
        "eventTime": "2022-10-14 00:35:36",
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "p_any_aws_account_ids": ["123412341234"],
        "p_any_aws_arns":
          [
            "arn:aws:iam::123412341234:role/SomeRole",
            "arn:aws:sts::123412341234:assumed-role/SomeRole/person",
          ],
        "p_any_aws_instance_ids": ["i-0690cd354a0c3850c"],
        "p_any_aws_tags": ["Name:fake thing whatever"],
        "p_any_domain_names":
          ["AWS Internal", "ip-10-1-0-14.us-west-2.compute.internal"],
        "p_any_ip_addresses": ["10.1.0.14"],
        "p_any_trace_ids": ["ASIARLIVEKVNGOY5UABO"],
        "p_any_usernames": ["SomeRole"],
        "p_event_time": "2022-10-14 00:35:36",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
        "p_parse_time": "2022-10-14 00:38:26.875",
        "p_row_id": "76663c86299fc3f2fa94acfd13f29311",
        "p_source_id": "125a8146-e3ea-454b-aed7-9e08e735b670",
        "p_source_label": "SomeCloudTrail",
        "readOnly": false,
        "recipientAccountId": "123412341234",
        "requestID": "557e2d68-904a-4fe7-81d4-33c056444a13",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "blockDeviceMapping": {},
            "disableApiStop": false,
            "disableApiTermination": false,
            "ebsOptimized": false,
            "instanceType": "t2.micro",
            "instancesSet":
              {
                "items":
                  [
                    {
                      "imageId": "ami-08e2d37b6a0129927",
                      "maxCount": 1,
                      "minCount": 1,
                    },
                  ],
              },
            "monitoring": { "enabled": false },
            "networkInterfaceSet":
              {
                "items":
                  [
                    {
                      "associatePublicIpAddress": false,
                      "deviceIndex": 0,
                      "groupSet":
                        { "items": [{ "groupId": "sg-0077c778d7ad1f5f2" }] },
                      "subnetId": "subnet-0e3a508e43776c435",
                    },
                  ],
              },
            "privateDnsNameOptions":
              {
                "enableResourceNameDnsAAAARecord": false,
                "enableResourceNameDnsARecord": true,
                "hostnameType": "ip-name",
              },
            "tagSpecificationSet":
              {
                "items":
                  [
                    {
                      "resourceType": "instance",
                      "tags":
                        [{ "key": "Name", "value": "fake thing whatever" }],
                    },
                  ],
              },
          },
        "responseElements":
          {
            "groupSet": {},
            "instancesSet":
              {
                "items":
                  [
                    {
                      "amiLaunchIndex": 0,
                      "architecture": "x86_64",
                      "blockDeviceMapping": {},
                      "capacityReservationSpecification":
                        { "capacityReservationPreference": "open" },
                      "cpuOptions": { "coreCount": 1, "threadsPerCore": 1 },
                      "ebsOptimized": false,
                      "enaSupport": true,
                      "enclaveOptions": { "enabled": false },
                      "groupSet":
                        {
                          "items":
                            [
                              {
                                "groupId": "sg-0077c778d7ad1f5f2",
                                "groupName": "launch-wizard-1",
                              },
                            ],
                        },
                      "hypervisor": "xen",
                      "imageId": "ami-08e2d37b6a0129927",
                      "instanceId": "i-0690cd354a0c3850c",
                      "instanceState": { "code": 0, "name": "pending" },
                      "instanceType": "t2.micro",
                      "launchTime": 1665707736000,
                      "maintenanceOptions": { "autoRecovery": "default" },
                      "metadataOptions":
                        {
                          "httpEndpoint": "enabled",
                          "httpProtocolIpv4": "enabled",
                          "httpProtocolIpv6": "disabled",
                          "httpPutResponseHopLimit": 1,
                          "httpTokens": "optional",
                          "instanceMetadataTags": "disabled",
                          "state": "pending",
                        },
                      "monitoring": { "state": "disabled" },
                      "networkInterfaceSet":
                        {
                          "items":
                            [
                              {
                                "attachment":
                                  {
                                    "attachTime": 1665707736000,
                                    "attachmentId": "eni-attach-0b2f21743e26b7c8a",
                                    "deleteOnTermination": true,
                                    "deviceIndex": 0,
                                    "networkCardIndex": 0,
                                    "status": "attaching",
                                  },
                                "groupSet":
                                  {
                                    "items":
                                      [
                                        {
                                          "groupId": "sg-0077c778d7ad1f5f2",
                                          "groupName": "launch-wizard-1",
                                        },
                                      ],
                                  },
                                "interfaceType": "interface",
                                "ipv6AddressesSet": {},
                                "macAddress": "02:50:9d:da:61:79",
                                "networkInterfaceId": "eni-0f4e4d2d71627dd38",
                                "ownerId": "123412341234",
                                "privateDnsName": "ip-10-1-0-14.us-west-2.compute.internal",
                                "privateIpAddress": "10.1.0.14",
                                "privateIpAddressesSet":
                                  {
                                    "item":
                                      [
                                        {
                                          "primary": true,
                                          "privateDnsName": "ip-10-1-0-14.us-west-2.compute.internal",
                                          "privateIpAddress": "10.1.0.14",
                                        },
                                      ],
                                  },
                                "sourceDestCheck": true,
                                "status": "in-use",
                                "subnetId": "subnet-0e3a508e43776c435",
                                "tagSet": {},
                                "vpcId": "vpc-04fe895571b367c47",
                              },
                            ],
                        },
                      "placement":
                        {
                          "availabilityZone": "us-west-2a",
                          "tenancy": "default",
                        },
                      "privateDnsName": "ip-10-1-0-14.us-west-2.compute.internal",
                      "privateDnsNameOptions":
                        {
                          "enableResourceNameDnsAAAARecord": false,
                          "enableResourceNameDnsARecord": true,
                          "hostnameType": "ip-name",
                        },
                      "privateIpAddress": "10.1.0.14",
                      "productCodes": {},
                      "rootDeviceName": "/dev/xvda",
                      "rootDeviceType": "ebs",
                      "sourceDestCheck": true,
                      "stateReason":
                        { "code": "pending", "message": "pending" },
                      "subnetId": "subnet-0e3a508e43776c435",
                      "tagSet":
                        {
                          "items":
                            [{ "key": "Name", "value": "fake thing whatever" }],
                        },
                      "virtualizationType": "hvm",
                      "vpcId": "vpc-04fe895571b367c47",
                    },
                  ],
              },
            "ownerId": "123412341234",
            "requestId": "557e2d68-904a-4fe7-81d4-33c056444a13",
            "reservationId": "r-0de81af4b677c0252",
          },
        "sessionCredentialFromConsole": true,
        "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal",
        "userAgent": "AWS Internal",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accessKeyId": "ASIARLIVEKVNGOY5UABO",
            "accountId": "123412341234",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123412341234:assumed-role/SomeRole/person",
            "principalId": "AROARLIVEKVNIRVGDLJWJ:person",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2022-10-14T00:34:59Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "true",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "accountId": "123412341234",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123412341234:role/SomeRole",
                    "principalId": "AROARLIVEKVNIRVGDLJWJ",
                    "type": "Role",
                    "userName": "SomeRole",
                  },
                "webIdFederationData": {},
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
      }
  - Name: Weird AWS Internal Message
    ExpectedResult: false
    Log:
      {
        "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
        "errorCode": "Client.DryRunOperation",
        "errorMessage": "Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.",
        "eventCategory": "Management",
        "eventID": "b32f82e6-7375-4487-85f3-442face5eab4",
        "eventName": "RunInstances",
        "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
        "eventTime": "2022-10-13 16:34:53",
        "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "managementEvent": true,
        "p_any_aws_account_ids": ["123412341234"],
        "p_any_aws_arns":
          [
            "arn:aws:iam::123412341234:role/funky-role-doing-dryrun",
            "arn:aws:sts::123412341234:assumed-role/funky-role-doing-dryrun/1665678811",
          ],
        "p_any_domain_names": ["AWS Internal"],
        "p_any_usernames": ["funky-role-doing-dryrun"],
        "p_event_time": "2022-10-13 16:34:53",
        "p_log_type": "AWS.CloudTrail",
        "p_parse_time": "2022-10-13 16:35:54.489",
        "p_row_id": "6650c5fe395984e0fdb7c1fc138ef507",
        "p_source_id": "125a8146-e3ea-454b-aed7-9e08e735b670",
        "p_source_label": "SomeCloudTrail",
        "readOnly": false,
        "recipientAccountId": "123412341234",
        "requestID": "99288e91-d3a5-494b-9fe6-9fdc02646a16",
        "requestParameters":
          {
            "blockDeviceMapping": {},
            "clientToken": "80a552a2-30ee-419e-bd73-3ee36b1242d6",
            "disableApiStop": false,
            "disableApiTermination": false,
            "instanceType": "m5.xlarge",
            "instancesSet":
              {
                "items":
                  [
                    {
                      "imageId": "ami-05074c40f29040248",
                      "maxCount": 1,
                      "minCount": 1,
                    },
                  ],
              },
            "launchTemplate":
              { "launchTemplateId": "lt-064c1a4dbc97b01fc", "version": "5" },
            "monitoring": { "enabled": false },
            "subnetId": "subnet-00559b970d3a60983",
          },
        "sourceIPAddress": "AWS Internal",
        "userAgent": "AWS Internal",
        "userIdentity":
          {
            "accountId": "123412341234",
            "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123412341234:assumed-role/funky-role-doing-dryrun/astronomer-managed-1665678811",
            "invokedBy": "AWS Internal",
            "principalId": "AROAZBD2CNPWEWKWTLX67:astronomer-managed-1665678811",
            "sessionContext":
              {
                "attributes":
                  {
                    "creationDate": "2022-10-13T16:33:31Z",
                    "mfaAuthenticated": "false",
                  },
                "sessionIssuer":
                  {
                    "accountId": "123412341234",
                    "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123412341234:role/funky-role-doing-dryrun",
                    "principalId": "AROAZBD2CNPWEWKWTLX67",
                    "type": "Role",
                    "userName": "funky-role-doing-dryrun",
                  },
                "webIdFederationData": {},
              },
            "type": "AssumedRole",
          },
      }
DedupPeriodMinutes: 120
LogTypes:
  - AWS.CloudTrail
RuleID: "AWS.Modify.Cloud.Compute.Infrastructure"
Threshold: 1

Detection logic

Condition

eventSource eq "ec2.amazonaws.com"
readOnly is_null
not (sourceIPAddress ends_with ".amazonaws.com" or userIdentity.type eq "AWSService" or userIdentity.invokedBy eq "AWS Internal" or userIdentity.invokedBy ends_with ".amazonaws.com")
errorCode ne "Client.DryRunOperation"
eventName in ["AssociateIamInstanceProfile", "AssociateInstanceEventWindow", "BundleInstance", "CancelSpotInstanceRequests", "ConfirmProductInstance", "CreateInstanceEventWindow", "CreateInstanceExportTask", "DeleteInstanceEventWindow", "DeregisterInstanceEventNotificationAttributes", "DisassociateIamInstanceProfile", "DisassociateInstanceEventWindow", "ImportInstance", "ModifyInstanceAttribute", "ModifyInstanceCapacityReservationAttributes", "ModifyInstanceCreditSpecification", "ModifyInstanceEventStartTime", "ModifyInstanceEventWindow", "ModifyInstanceMaintenanceOptions", "ModifyInstanceMetadataOptions", "ModifyInstancePlacement", "MonitorInstances", "RegisterInstanceEventNotificationAttributes", "ReportInstanceStatus", "RequestSpotInstances", "ResetInstanceAttribute", "RunInstances", "RunScheduledInstances", "StartInstances", "StopInstances", "TerminateInstances", "UnmonitorInstances"]

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`sourceIPAddress`	ends_with	`.amazonaws.com`
`userIdentity.invokedBy`	ends_with	`.amazonaws.com`
`userIdentity.invokedBy`	eq	`AWS Internal`
`userIdentity.type`	eq	`AWSService`

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`errorCode`	ne	`Client.DryRunOperation`
`eventName`	in	`AssociateIamInstanceProfile` `AssociateInstanceEventWindow` `BundleInstance` `CancelSpotInstanceRequests` `ConfirmProductInstance` `CreateInstanceEventWindow` `CreateInstanceExportTask` `DeleteInstanceEventWindow` `DeregisterInstanceEventNotificationAttributes` `DisassociateIamInstanceProfile` `DisassociateInstanceEventWindow` `ImportInstance` `ModifyInstanceAttribute` `ModifyInstanceCapacityReservationAttributes` `ModifyInstanceCreditSpecification` `ModifyInstanceEventStartTime` `ModifyInstanceEventWindow` `ModifyInstanceMaintenanceOptions` `ModifyInstanceMetadataOptions` `ModifyInstancePlacement` `MonitorInstances` `RegisterInstanceEventNotificationAttributes` `ReportInstanceStatus` `RequestSpotInstances` `ResetInstanceAttribute` `RunInstances` `RunScheduledInstances` `StartInstances` `StopInstances` `TerminateInstances` `UnmonitorInstances`
`eventSource`	eq	`ec2.amazonaws.com`
`readOnly`	is_null	(no value, null check)

Output fields

Fields the rule emits when it matches. Chronicle authors list these in the outcome block; they appear on the detection and $risk_score drives alerting. Sentinel / Defender XDR rules build them up through project / summarize / extend stages. Sentinel maps these into alert fields via entityMappings and customDetails; Defender XDR custom detections surface them as alert fields directly.

Field	Source
`awsRegion`
`eventName`
`recipientAccountId`
`items`	`requestParameters.instancesSet.items`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)