AWS Redshift Cluster Encryption

Severity: high
Compliance: PCI 3.4
Tags: AWS, Data Protection, Collection:Data From Cloud Storage Object
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/working-with-db-encryption.html
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

This policy validates that Redshift Clusters have encryption enabled.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Collection	`T1530` Data from Cloud Storage

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: policy
Filename: aws_redshift_cluster_encryption.py
PolicyID: "AWS.Redshift.Cluster.Encryption"
DisplayName: "AWS Redshift Cluster Encryption"
Enabled: true
ResourceTypes:
  - AWS.Redshift.Cluster
Tags:
  - AWS
  - Data Protection
  - Collection:Data From Cloud Storage Object
Reports:
  PCI:
    - 3.4
  MITRE ATT&CK:
    - TA0009:T1530
Severity: High
Description: >
  This policy validates that Redshift Clusters have encryption enabled.
Runbook: >
  https://docs.runpanther.io/alert-runbooks/built-in-policies/aws-redshift-cluster-has-encryption-enabled
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/working-with-db-encryption.html
Tests:
  - Name: Encryption Enabled
    ExpectedResult: true
    Resource:
      {
        "AllowVersionUpgrade": false,
        "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 3,
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2d",
        "ClusterAvailabilityStatus": "Available",
        "ClusterCreateTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00.0100Z",
        "ClusterIdentifier": "redshift-cluster-2",
        "ClusterNodes":
          [
            {
              "NodeRole": "SHARED",
              "PrivateIPAddress": "172.0.0.0",
              "PublicIPAddress": "52.0.0.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterParameterGroups":
          [
            {
              "ClusterParameterStatusList": null,
              "ParameterApplyStatus": "in-sync",
              "ParameterGroupName": "default.redshift-1.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterPublicKey": "ssh-rsa abcd+111/222/333/444 Amazon-Redshift\n",
        "ClusterRevisionNumber": "8205",
        "ClusterSecurityGroups": null,
        "ClusterSnapshotCopyStatus": null,
        "ClusterStatus": "available",
        "ClusterSubnetGroupName": "default",
        "ClusterVersion": "1.0",
        "DBName": "example",
        "DataTransferProgress": null,
        "DeferredMaintenanceWindows": null,
        "ElasticIpStatus": null,
        "ElasticResizeNumberOfNodeOptions": null,
        "Encrypted": true,
        "Endpoint":
          {
            "Address": "redshift-cluster-2.abcdefg.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com",
            "Port": 5439,
          },
        "EnhancedVpcRouting": false,
        "HsmStatus": null,
        "IamRoles": null,
        "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:123456789012:key/abcdefg-111-222-333",
        "LoggingStatus":
          {
            "BucketName": "example-bucket",
            "LastFailureMessage": null,
            "LastFailureTime": null,
            "LastSuccessfulDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LoggingEnabled": true,
            "S3KeyPrefix": null,
          },
        "MaintenanceTrackName": "current",
        "ManualSnapshotRetentionPeriod": -1,
        "MasterUsername": "awsuser",
        "ModifyStatus": null,
        "NodeType": "dc2.large",
        "NumberOfNodes": 1,
        "PendingActions": null,
        "PendingModifiedValues":
          {
            "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": null,
            "ClusterIdentifier": null,
            "ClusterType": null,
            "ClusterVersion": null,
            "EncryptionType": null,
            "EnhancedVpcRouting": null,
            "MaintenanceTrackName": null,
            "MasterUserPassword": null,
            "NodeType": null,
            "NumberOfNodes": null,
            "PubliclyAccessible": null,
          },
        "PreferredMaintenanceWindow": "fri:11:30-fri:12:00",
        "PubliclyAccessible": true,
        "ResizeInfo": null,
        "RestoreStatus": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleIdentifier": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleState": null,
        "Tags": null,
        "VpcId": "vpc-6aa60b12",
        "VpcSecurityGroups": null,
      }
  - Name: Encryption Not Enabled
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "AllowVersionUpgrade": false,
        "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 3,
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2d",
        "ClusterAvailabilityStatus": "Available",
        "ClusterCreateTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00.0100Z",
        "ClusterIdentifier": "redshift-cluster-2",
        "ClusterNodes":
          [
            {
              "NodeRole": "SHARED",
              "PrivateIPAddress": "172.0.0.0",
              "PublicIPAddress": "52.0.0.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterParameterGroups":
          [
            {
              "ClusterParameterStatusList": null,
              "ParameterApplyStatus": "in-sync",
              "ParameterGroupName": "default.redshift-1.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterPublicKey": "ssh-rsa abcd+111/222/333/444 Amazon-Redshift\n",
        "ClusterRevisionNumber": "8205",
        "ClusterSecurityGroups": null,
        "ClusterSnapshotCopyStatus": null,
        "ClusterStatus": "available",
        "ClusterSubnetGroupName": "default",
        "ClusterVersion": "1.0",
        "DBName": "example",
        "DataTransferProgress": null,
        "DeferredMaintenanceWindows": null,
        "ElasticIpStatus": null,
        "ElasticResizeNumberOfNodeOptions": null,
        "Encrypted": false,
        "Endpoint":
          {
            "Address": "redshift-cluster-2.abcdefg.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com",
            "Port": 5439,
          },
        "EnhancedVpcRouting": false,
        "HsmStatus": null,
        "IamRoles": null,
        "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:123456789012:key/abcdefg-111-222-333",
        "LoggingStatus":
          {
            "BucketName": "example-bucket",
            "LastFailureMessage": null,
            "LastFailureTime": null,
            "LastSuccessfulDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LoggingEnabled": true,
            "S3KeyPrefix": null,
          },
        "MaintenanceTrackName": "current",
        "ManualSnapshotRetentionPeriod": -1,
        "MasterUsername": "awsuser",
        "ModifyStatus": null,
        "NodeType": "dc2.large",
        "NumberOfNodes": 1,
        "PendingActions": null,
        "PendingModifiedValues":
          {
            "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": null,
            "ClusterIdentifier": null,
            "ClusterType": null,
            "ClusterVersion": null,
            "EncryptionType": null,
            "EnhancedVpcRouting": null,
            "MaintenanceTrackName": null,
            "MasterUserPassword": null,
            "NodeType": null,
            "NumberOfNodes": null,
            "PubliclyAccessible": null,
          },
        "PreferredMaintenanceWindow": "fri:11:30-fri:12:00",
        "PubliclyAccessible": true,
        "ResizeInfo": null,
        "RestoreStatus": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleIdentifier": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleState": null,
        "Tags": null,
        "VpcId": "vpc-6aa60b12",
        "VpcSecurityGroups": null,
      }

Detection logic

Condition

Encrypted not is_not_null

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`Encrypted`	is_not_null	(no value, null check)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

AWS Redshift Cluster Encryption

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body yaml

Detection logic

Condition

Exclusions

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