AWS Redshift Cluster Has Acceptable Snapshot Retention Period

Severity: low
Compliance: PCI 3.1
Tags: AWS, PCI, Database
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/working-with-snapshots.html
Source: github.com/panther-labs/panther-analysis

This policy validates that Redshift Cluster snapshot retention periods are set to an appropriate time. This ensures that records are kept long enough for compliance and security reasons, but no too long for compliance and performance reasons.

Rule body yaml

AnalysisType: policy
Filename: aws_redshift_cluster_snapshot_retention_acceptable.py
PolicyID: "AWS.Redshift.Cluster.SnapshotRetentionAcceptable"
DisplayName: "AWS Redshift Cluster Has Acceptable Snapshot Retention Period"
Enabled: false
ResourceTypes:
  - AWS.Redshift.Cluster
Tags:
  - AWS
  - PCI
  - Database
Reports:
  PCI:
    - 3.1
Severity: Low
Description: >
  This policy validates that Redshift Cluster snapshot retention periods are set to an appropriate time. This ensures that records are kept long enough for compliance and security reasons, but no too long for compliance and performance reasons.
Runbook: >
  Adjust the Cluster snapshot retention period to be an appropriate length.
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/working-with-snapshots.html
Tests:
  - Name: Insufficient Backup Retention Period
    ExpectedResult: false
    Resource:
      {
        "AllowVersionUpgrade": false,
        "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 1,
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2d",
        "ClusterAvailabilityStatus": "Available",
        "ClusterCreateTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00.0100Z",
        "ClusterIdentifier": "redshift-cluster-2",
        "ClusterNodes":
          [
            {
              "NodeRole": "SHARED",
              "PrivateIPAddress": "172.0.0.0",
              "PublicIPAddress": "52.0.0.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterParameterGroups":
          [
            {
              "ClusterParameterStatusList": null,
              "ParameterApplyStatus": "in-sync",
              "ParameterGroupName": "default.redshift-1.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterPublicKey": "ssh-rsa abcd+111/222/333/444 Amazon-Redshift\n",
        "ClusterRevisionNumber": "8205",
        "ClusterSecurityGroups": null,
        "ClusterSnapshotCopyStatus": null,
        "ClusterStatus": "available",
        "ClusterSubnetGroupName": "default",
        "ClusterVersion": "1.0",
        "DBName": "example",
        "DataTransferProgress": null,
        "DeferredMaintenanceWindows": null,
        "ElasticIpStatus": null,
        "ElasticResizeNumberOfNodeOptions": null,
        "Encrypted": true,
        "Endpoint":
          {
            "Address": "redshift-cluster-2.abcdefg.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com",
            "Port": 5439,
          },
        "EnhancedVpcRouting": false,
        "HsmStatus": null,
        "IamRoles": null,
        "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:123456789012:key/abcdefg-111-222-333",
        "LoggingStatus":
          {
            "BucketName": "example-bucket",
            "LastFailureMessage": null,
            "LastFailureTime": null,
            "LastSuccessfulDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LoggingEnabled": true,
            "S3KeyPrefix": null,
          },
        "MaintenanceTrackName": "current",
        "ManualSnapshotRetentionPeriod": -1,
        "MasterUsername": "awsuser",
        "ModifyStatus": null,
        "NodeType": "dc2.large",
        "NumberOfNodes": 1,
        "PendingActions": null,
        "PendingModifiedValues":
          {
            "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": null,
            "ClusterIdentifier": null,
            "ClusterType": null,
            "ClusterVersion": null,
            "EncryptionType": null,
            "EnhancedVpcRouting": null,
            "MaintenanceTrackName": null,
            "MasterUserPassword": null,
            "NodeType": null,
            "NumberOfNodes": null,
            "PubliclyAccessible": null,
          },
        "PreferredMaintenanceWindow": "fri:11:30-fri:12:00",
        "PubliclyAccessible": true,
        "ResizeInfo": null,
        "RestoreStatus": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleIdentifier": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleState": null,
        "Tags": { "environment": "pci" },
        "VpcId": "vpc-6aa60b12",
        "VpcSecurityGroups": null,
      }
  - Name: Sufficient Backup Retention Period
    ExpectedResult: true
    Resource:
      {
        "AllowVersionUpgrade": false,
        "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": 5,
        "AvailabilityZone": "us-west-2d",
        "ClusterAvailabilityStatus": "Available",
        "ClusterCreateTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00.0100Z",
        "ClusterIdentifier": "redshift-cluster-2",
        "ClusterNodes":
          [
            {
              "NodeRole": "SHARED",
              "PrivateIPAddress": "172.0.0.0",
              "PublicIPAddress": "52.0.0.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterParameterGroups":
          [
            {
              "ClusterParameterStatusList": null,
              "ParameterApplyStatus": "in-sync",
              "ParameterGroupName": "default.redshift-1.0",
            },
          ],
        "ClusterPublicKey": "ssh-rsa abcd+111/222/333/444 Amazon-Redshift\n",
        "ClusterRevisionNumber": "8205",
        "ClusterSecurityGroups": null,
        "ClusterSnapshotCopyStatus": null,
        "ClusterStatus": "available",
        "ClusterSubnetGroupName": "default",
        "ClusterVersion": "1.0",
        "DBName": "example",
        "DataTransferProgress": null,
        "DeferredMaintenanceWindows": null,
        "ElasticIpStatus": null,
        "ElasticResizeNumberOfNodeOptions": null,
        "Encrypted": true,
        "Endpoint":
          {
            "Address": "redshift-cluster-2.abcdefg.us-west-2.redshift.amazonaws.com",
            "Port": 5439,
          },
        "EnhancedVpcRouting": false,
        "HsmStatus": null,
        "IamRoles": null,
        "KmsKeyId": "arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:123456789012:key/abcdefg-111-222-333",
        "LoggingStatus":
          {
            "BucketName": "example-bucket",
            "LastFailureMessage": null,
            "LastFailureTime": null,
            "LastSuccessfulDeliveryTime": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            "LoggingEnabled": true,
            "S3KeyPrefix": null,
          },
        "MaintenanceTrackName": "current",
        "ManualSnapshotRetentionPeriod": -1,
        "MasterUsername": "awsuser",
        "ModifyStatus": null,
        "NodeType": "dc2.large",
        "NumberOfNodes": 1,
        "PendingActions": null,
        "PendingModifiedValues":
          {
            "AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod": null,
            "ClusterIdentifier": null,
            "ClusterType": null,
            "ClusterVersion": null,
            "EncryptionType": null,
            "EnhancedVpcRouting": null,
            "MaintenanceTrackName": null,
            "MasterUserPassword": null,
            "NodeType": null,
            "NumberOfNodes": null,
            "PubliclyAccessible": null,
          },
        "PreferredMaintenanceWindow": "fri:11:30-fri:12:00",
        "PubliclyAccessible": true,
        "ResizeInfo": null,
        "RestoreStatus": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleIdentifier": null,
        "SnapshotScheduleState": null,
        "Tags": { "environment": "pci" },
        "VpcId": "vpc-6aa60b12",
        "VpcSecurityGroups": null,
      }

Detection logic

Condition

not (AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod ge "3" and AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod le "90")

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod`	ge	`3`
`AutomatedSnapshotRetentionPeriod`	le	`90`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

AWS Redshift Cluster Has Acceptable Snapshot Retention Period

Rule body yaml

Detection logic

Condition

Exclusions

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