Sigma rules: 1f

title: AD Groups Or Users Enumeration Using PowerShell - ScriptBlock
id: 88f0884b-331d-403d-a3a1-b668cf035603
status: test
description: |
    Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings.
    The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group.
    Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1069.002/T1069.002.md
author: frack113
date: 2021-12-15
modified: 2022-12-25
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1069.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    test_2:
        ScriptBlockText|contains: get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership
    test_7:
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - get-aduser
            - '-f '
            - '-pr '
            - DoesNotRequirePreAuth
    condition: 1 of test_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: low

title: Alternate PowerShell Hosts Pipe
id: 58cb02d5-78ce-4692-b3e1-dce850aae41a
related:
    - id: ac7102b4-9e1e-4802-9b4f-17c5524c015c
      type: derived
status: test
description: Detects alternate PowerShell hosts potentially bypassing detections looking for powershell.exe
references:
    - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190610-PwshAlternateHosts/notebook.html
    - https://threathunterplaybook.com/hunts/windows/190410-LocalPwshExecution/notebook.html
author: Roberto Rodriguez @Cyb3rWard0g, Tim Shelton
date: 2019-09-12
modified: 2025-10-07
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: pipe_created
    definition: 'Note that you have to configure logging for Named Pipe Events in Sysmon config (Event ID 17 and Event ID 18). The basic configuration is in popular sysmon configuration (https://github.com/SwiftOnSecurity/sysmon-config), but it is worth verifying. You can also use other repo, e.g. https://github.com/Neo23x0/sysmon-config, https://github.com/olafhartong/sysmon-modular. How to test detection? You can check powershell script from this site https://svch0st.medium.com/guide-to-named-pipes-and-hunting-for-cobalt-strike-pipes-dc46b2c5f575'
detection:
    selection:
        PipeName|startswith: '\PSHost'
    filter_main_generic:
        - Image|contains:
              - ':\Program Files\PowerShell\7-preview\pwsh.exe' # Powershell 7
              - ':\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe' # Powershell 7
              - ':\Windows\system32\dsac.exe'
              - ':\Windows\system32\inetsrv\w3wp.exe'   # this is sad :,( but it triggers FPs on Exchange servers
              - ':\Windows\System32\sdiagnhost.exe'
              - ':\Windows\system32\ServerManager.exe'
              - ':\Windows\system32\wbem\wmiprvse.exe'
              - ':\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe'
              - ':\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe'
              - ':\Windows\System32\wsmprovhost.exe'
              - ':\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell_ise.exe'
              - ':\Windows\SysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe'
        - Image|contains|all:
              - 'C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.PowerShellPreview'
              - '\pwsh.exe'
        - Image|contains|all:
              - '\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\Microsoft.PowerShellPreview'
              - '\pwsh.exe'
    filter_optional_sqlserver: # Microsoft SQL Server\130\Tools\
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\'
        Image|contains: '\Microsoft SQL Server\'
        Image|endswith: '\Tools\Binn\SQLPS.exe'
    filter_optional_azure_connected_machine_agent:
        # Azure Connected Machine Agent (https://devblogs.microsoft.com/powershell/azure-policy-guest-configuration-client/)
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Program Files\AzureConnectedMachineAgent\GCArcService'
        Image|endswith: '\GC\gc_worker.exe'
    filter_optional_citrix:
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Program Files\Citrix\'
    filter_optional_exchange:
        Image|startswith: 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\'
    filter_main_null:
        Image: null
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Programs using PowerShell directly without invocation of a dedicated interpreter.
level: medium

title: AppLocker Application Would Have Been Blocked
id: 557e3bd3-7f21-495d-8d50-7c8bdfb8041c
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects when AppLocker "Audit only" enforcement mode reports that an Application, DLL, Script, MSI, or Packaged-App would have been blocked if AppLocker "Enforce rules" enforcement mode was enabled.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/applocker/what-is-applocker
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/windows-defender-application-control/applocker/using-event-viewer-with-applocker
    - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/deploy-test-monitor-mastering-microsoft-applocker-part-2.html
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/ee844150(v=ws.11)
author: heyyanu
date: 2026-03-26
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1204.002
    - attack.t1059.001
    - attack.t1059.003
    - attack.t1059.005
    - attack.t1059.006
    - attack.t1059.007
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: applocker
detection:
    selection:
        EventID:
            - 8003 # EXE and DLL would have been blocked
            - 8006 # MSI and Script would have been blocked
            - 8021 # Packaged app execution would have been blocked
            - 8024 # Packaged app deployment would have been blocked
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Expected during AppLocker policy testing and audit mode deployments
level: medium

title: Arbitrary File Download Via MSOHTMED.EXE
id: 459f2f98-397b-4a4a-9f47-6a5ec2f1c69d
status: test
description: Detects usage of "MSOHTMED" to download arbitrary files
references:
    - https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS/pull/238/files
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2022-08-19
modified: 2023-11-09
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1218
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\MSOHTMED.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'MsoHtmEd.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'ftp://'
            - 'http://'
            - 'https://'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: AWS IAM S3Browser Templated S3 Bucket Policy Creation
id: db014773-7375-4f4e-b83b-133337c0ffee
status: test
description: Detects S3 browser utility creating Inline IAM policy containing default S3 bucket name placeholder value of "<YOUR-BUCKET-NAME>".
references:
    - https://permiso.io/blog/s/unmasking-guivil-new-cloud-threat-actor
author: daniel.bohannon@permiso.io (@danielhbohannon)
date: 2023-05-17
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1059.009
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.initial-access
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.t1078.004
logsource:
    product: aws
    service: cloudtrail
detection:
    selection:
        eventSource: iam.amazonaws.com
        eventName: PutUserPolicy
        userAgent|contains: 'S3 Browser'
        requestParameters|contains|all:
            - '"arn:aws:s3:::<YOUR-BUCKET-NAME>/*"'
            - '"s3:GetObject"'
            - '"Allow"'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Valid usage of S3 browser with accidental creation of default Inline IAM policy without changing default S3 bucket name placeholder value
level: high

title: Azure AD Health Monitoring Agent Registry Keys Access
id: ff151c33-45fa-475d-af4f-c2f93571f4fe
status: test
description: |
    This detection uses Windows security events to detect suspicious access attempts to the registry key of Azure AD Health monitoring agent.
    This detection requires an access control entry (ACE) on the system access control list (SACL) of the following securable object HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft Online\Reporting\MonitoringAgent.
references:
    - https://o365blog.com/post/hybridhealthagent/
    - https://github.com/OTRF/Set-AuditRule/blob/c3dec5443414231714d850565d364ca73475ade5/rules/registry/aad_connect_health_monitoring_agent.yml
author: Roberto Rodriguez (Cyb3rWard0g), OTR (Open Threat Research), MSTIC
date: 2021-08-26
modified: 2022-10-09
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1012
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: security
detection:
    selection:
        EventID:
            - 4656
            - 4663
        ObjectType: 'Key'
        ObjectName: '\REGISTRY\MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft Online\Reporting\MonitoringAgent'
    filter:
        ProcessName|contains:
            - 'Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.DiagnosticsAgent.exe'
            - 'Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.InsightsService.exe'
            - 'Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.MonitoringAgent.Startup.exe'
            - 'Microsoft.Identity.Health.Adfs.PshSurrogate.exe'
            - 'Microsoft.Identity.Health.Common.Clients.ResourceMonitor.exe'
    condition: selection and not filter
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: Code Executed Via Office Add-in XLL File
id: 36fbec91-fa1b-4d5d-8df1-8d8edcb632ad
status: test
description: |
    Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system.
    Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1137.006/T1137.006.md
author: frack113
date: 2021-12-28
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1137.006
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: ps_script
    definition: 'Requirements: Script Block Logging must be enabled'
detection:
    selection:
        ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
            - 'new-object '
            - '-ComObject '
            - '.application'
            - '.RegisterXLL'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/powershell/powershell_script/posh_ps_office_comobject_registerxll/info.yml

title: Compressed File Creation Via Tar.EXE
id: 418a3163-3247-4b7b-9933-dcfcb7c52ea9
status: test
description: |
    Detects execution of "tar.exe" in order to create a compressed file.
    Adversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration.
references:
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chromeloader-malware/
    - https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Tar/
    - https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), AdmU3
date: 2023-12-19
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.exfiltration
    - attack.t1560
    - attack.t1560.001
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\tar.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'bsdtar'
    selection_create:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '-c'
            - '-r'
            - '-u'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Likely
level: low

title: Deployment Of The AppX Package Was Blocked By The Policy
id: e021bbb5-407f-41f5-9dc9-1864c45a7a51
status: test
description: |
    Detects an appx package deployment that was blocked by the local computer policy.
    The following events indicate that an AppX package deployment was blocked by a policy:
    - Event ID 441: The package deployment operation is blocked by the "Allow deployment operations in special profiles" policy
    - Event ID 442: Deployments to non-system volumes are blocked by the "Disable deployment of Windows Store apps to non-system volumes" policy."
    - Event ID 453: Package blocked by a platform policy.
    - Event ID 454: Package blocked by a platform policy.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/appxpkg/troubleshooting
    - https://github.com/nasbench/EVTX-ETW-Resources/blob/7a806a148b3d9d381193d4a80356016e6e8b1ee8/ETWEventsList/CSV/Windows11/22H2/W11_22H2_Pro_20220920_22621.382/Providers/Microsoft-Windows-AppXDeployment-Server.csv
author: frack113
date: 2023-01-11
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: appxdeployment-server
detection:
    selection:
        EventID:
            - 441 # The package deployment operation is blocked by the "Allow deployment operations in special profiles" policy
            - 442 # Deployments to non-system volumes are blocked by the "Disable deployment of Windows Store apps to non-system volumes" policy."
            - 453 # Package blocked by a platform policy
            - 454 # Package blocked by a platform policy
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely, since this event notifies about blocked application deployment. Tune your applocker rules to avoid blocking legitimate applications.
level: medium

title: Domain Trust Discovery Via Dsquery
id: 3bad990e-4848-4a78-9530-b427d854aac0
related:
    - id: b23fcb74-b1cb-4ff7-a31d-bfe2a7ba453b
      type: similar
    - id: 77815820-246c-47b8-9741-e0def3f57308
      type: obsolete
status: test
description: Detects execution of "dsquery.exe" for domain trust discovery
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1482/T1482.md
    - https://posts.specterops.io/an-introduction-to-manual-active-directory-querying-with-dsquery-and-ldapsearch-84943c13d7eb?gi=41b97a644843
author: E.M. Anhaus, Tony Lambert, oscd.community, omkar72
date: 2019-10-24
modified: 2023-02-02
tags:
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.t1482
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\dsquery.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'dsquery.exe'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains: 'trustedDomain'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the utilities by legitimate user for legitimate reason
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_dsquery_domain_trust_discovery/info.yml
simulation:
    - type: atomic-red-team
      name: Windows - Discover domain trusts with dsquery
      technique: T1482
      atomic_guid: 4700a710-c821-4e17-a3ec-9e4c81d6845f

title: DPRK Threat Actor - C2 Communication DNS Indicators
id: 4d16c9a6-4362-4863-9940-1dee35f1d70f
status: test
description: Detects DNS queries for C2 domains used by DPRK Threat actors.
references:
    - https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/cyberabwehr/2024-02-19-joint-cyber-security-advisory-englisch.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2024-02-20
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - detection.emerging-threats
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: dns_query
detection:
    selection:
        QueryName:
            - 'connection.lockscreen.kro.kr'
            - 'updating.dothome.co.kr'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unlikely
level: high

title: DriverQuery.EXE Execution
id: a20def93-0709-4eae-9bd2-31206e21e6b2
related:
    - id: 9fc3072c-dc8f-4bf7-b231-18950000fadd
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detect usage of the "driverquery" utility. Which can be used to perform reconnaissance on installed drivers
references:
    - https://thedfirreport.com/2023/01/09/unwrapping-ursnifs-gifts/
    - https://www.vmray.com/cyber-security-blog/analyzing-ursnif-behavior-malware-sandbox/
    - https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/saigon-mysterious-ursnif-fork.html
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2023-01-19
modified: 2023-09-29
tags:
    - attack.discovery
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        - Image|endswith: 'driverquery.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'drvqry.exe'
    filter_main_other: # These are covered in 9fc3072c-dc8f-4bf7-b231-18950000fadd to avoid duplicate alerting
        - ParentImage|endswith:
              - '\cscript.exe'
              - '\mshta.exe'
              - '\regsvr32.exe'
              - '\rundll32.exe'
              - '\wscript.exe'
        - ParentImage|contains:
              - '\AppData\Local\'
              - '\Users\Public\'
              - '\Windows\Temp\'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use by third party tools in order to investigate installed drivers
level: medium # Level could be reduced to low if this utility is often used in your environment
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_driverquery_usage/info.yml

title: Enable BPF Kprobes Tracing
id: 7692f583-bd30-4008-8615-75dab3f08a99
status: test
description: Detects common command used to enable bpf kprobes tracing
references:
    - https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2021/offensive-bpf-bpftrace/
    - https://bpftrace.org/
    - https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.0/trace/kprobetrace.html
author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2023-01-25
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'echo 1 >'
            - '/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/myprobe/enable'
            - '/myretprobe/enable'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

title: Group discovery (PowerShell)
description: Detects scenarios where an attacker attempts to enumerate local or domain groups via PowerShell.
references:
- https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html
- https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation.md
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/activedirectory/get-adgroup?view=windowsserver2019-ps
- https://adamtheautomator.com/get-adgroupmember/
tags:
- attack.discovery
- attack.t1069.001 # Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups 
- attack.t1069.002 # Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups 
author: mdecrevoisier
logsource:
  product: windows
  category:
    - ps_module
    - ps_classic_script
    - ps_script
detection:
  selection_powershell_native:
    EventID: 800
    EventData|contains|all:
      - Get-LocalGroupMember # Get-LocalGroupMember -Name Administrators
      - Get-ADGroupMember    # Get-ADGroupMember -Identity Administrators

  selection_powershell_modern:
    EventID: 4103
    Payload|contains|all:
      - Get-LocalGroupMember
      - Get-ADGroupMember

  selection_powershell_block:
    EventID: 4104
    ScriptBlockText|contains|all:
      - Get-LocalGroupMember
      - Get-ADGroupMember

  condition: 1 of selection* | count(EventRecordID) by Computer > 4
falsepositives:
- Pentest
- Administrator activity
level: medium

title: HackTool - Potential Impacket Lateral Movement Activity
id: 10c14723-61c7-4c75-92ca-9af245723ad2
related:
    - id: e31f89f7-36fb-4697-8ab6-48823708353b
      type: obsolete
status: stable
description: Detects wmiexec/dcomexec/atexec/smbexec from Impacket framework
references:
    - https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/8b1a99f7c715702eafe3f24851817bb64721b156/examples/wmiexec.py
    - https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/8b1a99f7c715702eafe3f24851817bb64721b156/examples/atexec.py
    - https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/8b1a99f7c715702eafe3f24851817bb64721b156/examples/smbexec.py
    - https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/8b1a99f7c715702eafe3f24851817bb64721b156/examples/dcomexec.py
    - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/security/current/suspicious-cmd-execution-via-wmi.html
author: Ecco, oscd.community, Jonhnathan Ribeiro, Tim Rauch
date: 2019-09-03
modified: 2023-02-21
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1047
    - attack.lateral-movement
    - attack.t1021.003
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_other:
        # *** wmiexec.py
        #    parent is wmiprvse.exe
        #    examples:
        #       cmd.exe /Q /c whoami 1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\__1567439113.54 2>&1
        #       cmd.exe /Q /c cd  1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\__1567439113.54 2>&1
        # *** dcomexec.py -object MMC20
        #   parent is mmc.exe
        #   example:
        #       "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /Q /c cd  1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\__1567442499.05 2>&1
        # *** dcomexec.py -object ShellBrowserWindow
        #  runs %SystemRoot%\System32\rundll32.exe shell32.dll,SHCreateLocalServerRunDll {c08afd90-f2a1-11d1-8455-00a0c91f3880} but parent command is explorer.exe
        #  example:
        #   "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /Q /c cd \ 1> \\127.0.0.1\ADMIN$\__1567520103.71 2>&1
        # *** smbexec.py
        #   parent is services.exe
        #   example:
        #       C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /Q /c echo tasklist ^> \\127.0.0.1\C$\__output 2^>^&1 > C:\Windows\TEMP\execute.bat & C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /Q /c C:\Windows\TEMP\execute.bat & del C:\Windows\TEMP\execute.bat
        ParentImage|endswith:
            - '\wmiprvse.exe'        # wmiexec
            - '\mmc.exe'        # dcomexec MMC
            - '\explorer.exe'        # dcomexec ShellBrowserWindow
            - '\services.exe'        # smbexec
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'cmd.exe'
            - '/Q'
            - '/c'
            - '\\\\127.0.0.1\\'
            - '&1'
    selection_atexec:
        ParentCommandLine|contains:
            - 'svchost.exe -k netsvcs'       # atexec on win10 (parent is "C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs")
            - 'taskeng.exe'       # atexec on win7 (parent is "taskeng.exe {AFA79333-694C-4BEE-910E-E57D9A3518F6} S-1-5-18:NT AUTHORITY\System:Service:")
            # cmd.exe /C tasklist /m > C:\Windows\Temp\bAJrYQtL.tmp 2>&1
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'cmd.exe'
            - '/C'
            - 'Windows\Temp\'
            - '&1'
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Installation of WSL Kali-Linux
id: eca8ae39-5c3c-4321-b538-9e64fe25822e
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects installation of Kali Linux distribution through Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).
    Attackers may use Kali Linux WSL to leverage its penetration testing tools and capabilities for malicious purposes.
references:
    - https://medium.com/@redfanatic7/running-kali-linux-on-windows-51ad95166e6e
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-10-10
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_wsl_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\wsl.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'wsl'
    selection_wsl_install:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ' --install '
            - ' -i '
    selection_wsl_kali:
        CommandLine|contains: 'kali'
    condition: all of selection_wsl_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate installation or usage of Kali Linux WSL by administrators or security teams
level: high

title: Invoke-Obfuscation Obfuscated IEX Invocation - System
id: 51aa9387-1c53-4153-91cc-d73c59ae1ca9
status: test
description: Detects all variations of obfuscated powershell IEX invocation code generated by Invoke-Obfuscation framework from the code block linked in the references
references:
    - https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation/blob/f20e7f843edd0a3a7716736e9eddfa423395dd26/Out-ObfuscatedStringCommand.ps1#L873-L888
author: Daniel Bohannon (@Mandiant/@FireEye), oscd.community
date: 2019-11-08
modified: 2022-11-27
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1027
logsource:
    product: windows
    service: system
detection:
    selection_eid:
        EventID: 7045
    selection_imagepath:
        - ImagePath|re: '\$PSHome\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$PSHome\['
        - ImagePath|re: '\$ShellId\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$ShellId\['
        - ImagePath|re: '\$env:Public\[\s*\d{1,3}\s*\]\s*\+\s*\$env:Public\['
        - ImagePath|re: '\$env:ComSpec\[(\s*\d{1,3}\s*,){2}'
        - ImagePath|re: '\\*mdr\*\W\s*\)\.Name'
        - ImagePath|re: '\$VerbosePreference\.ToString\('
        - ImagePath|re: '\String\]\s*\$VerbosePreference'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Modify Group Policy Settings
id: ada4b0c4-758b-46ac-9033-9004613a150d
related:
    - id: b7216a7d-687e-4c8d-82b1-3080b2ad961f
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detect malicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/40b77d63808dd4f4eafb83949805636735a1fd15/atomics/T1484.001/T1484.001.md
author: frack113
date: 2022-08-19
tags:
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1484.001
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_reg:
        - Image|endswith: '\reg.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'reg.exe'
    selection_path:
        CommandLine|contains: '\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System'
    selection_key:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeDC
            - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeOffsetDC
            - GroupPolicyRefreshTime
            - GroupPolicyRefreshTimeOffset
            - EnableSmartScreen
            - ShellSmartScreenLevel
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use
level: medium
regression_tests_path: regression_data/rules/windows/process_creation/proc_creation_win_reg_modify_group_policy_settings/info.yml

title: NetNTLM Downgrade Attack - Registry
id: d67572a0-e2ec-45d6-b8db-c100d14b8ef2
status: test
description: Detects NetNTLM downgrade attack
references:
    - https://web.archive.org/web/20171113231705/https://www.optiv.com/blog/post-exploitation-using-netntlm-downgrade-attacks
    - https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/wiki/page.aspx?spid=NSrpcservers
author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), wagga, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Splunk STRT)
date: 2018-03-20
modified: 2024-12-03
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1685
    - attack.t1112
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: registry_event
detection:
    selection_regkey:
        TargetObject|contains|all:
            - 'SYSTEM\'
            - 'ControlSet'
            - '\Control\Lsa'
    selection_value_lmcompatibilitylevel:
        TargetObject|endswith: '\lmcompatibilitylevel'
        Details:
            - 'DWORD (0x00000000)'
            - 'DWORD (0x00000001)'
            - 'DWORD (0x00000002)'
    selection_value_ntlmminclientsec:
        TargetObject|endswith: '\NtlmMinClientSec'
        Details:
            - 'DWORD (0x00000000)' # No Security
            - 'DWORD (0x00000010)' # Only Integrity
            - 'DWORD (0x00000020)' # Only confidentiality
            - 'DWORD (0x00000030)' # Both Integrity and confidentiality
    selection_value_restrictsendingntlmtraffic:
        # Note: The obvious values with issues are 0x00000000 (allow all) and 0x00000001 (audit).
        # 0x00000002 can be secure but only if "ClientAllowedNTLMServers" is properly configured
        # Hence all values should be monitored and investigated
        TargetObject|endswith: '\RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic'
    condition: selection_regkey and 1 of selection_value_*
falsepositives:
    - Services or tools that set the values to more restrictive values
level: high

title: Potential Abuse of Linux Magic System Request Key
id: ea61bb82-a5e0-42e6-8537-91d29500f1b9
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the potential abuse of the Linux Magic SysRq (System Request) key by adversaries with root or sufficient privileges
    to silently manipulate or destabilize a system. By writing to /proc/sysrq-trigger, they can crash the system, kill processes,
    or disrupt forensic analysis—all while bypassing standard logging. Though intended for recovery and debugging, SysRq can be
    misused as a stealthy post-exploitation tool. It is controlled via /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq or permanently through /etc/sysctl.conf.
references:
    - https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.10/_sources/admin-guide/sysrq.txt
    - https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/4/html/reference_guide/s3-proc-sys-kernel
    - https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/threat-update-awfulshred-script-wiper.html
author: Milad Cheraghi
date: 2025-05-23
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1059.004
    - attack.impact
    - attack.t1529
    - attack.t1489
    - attack.t1499
logsource:
    product: linux
    service: auditd
    definition: |
        Required auditd configuration:
        -w /proc/sysrq-trigger -p wa -k sysrq
        -w /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq -p wa -k sysrq
detection:
    selection:
        type: 'PATH'
        name|endswith:
            # Enable
            - '/sysrq'
            - '/sysctl.conf'
            # Execute
            - '/sysrq-trigger'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative activity
level: medium

title: Potential Active Directory Enumeration Using AD Module - ProcCreation
id: 70bc5215-526f-4477-963c-a47a5c9ebd12
related:
    - id: 9e620995-f2d8-4630-8430-4afd89f77604
      type: similar
    - id: 74176142-4684-4d8a-8b0a-713257e7df8e
      type: similar
status: test
description: Detects usage of the "Import-Module" cmdlet to load the "Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dl" DLL. Which is often used by attackers to perform AD enumeration.
references:
    - https://github.com/samratashok/ADModule
    - https://twitter.com/cyb3rops/status/1617108657166061568?s=20
    - https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-enumeration-with-ad-module-without-rsat-or-admin-privileges
author: frack113
date: 2023-01-22
tags:
    - attack.reconnaissance
    - attack.discovery
    - attack.impact
logsource:
    product: windows
    category: process_creation
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith:
              - '\powershell.exe'
              - '\pwsh.exe'
        - OriginalFileName:
              - 'PowerShell.EXE'
              - 'pwsh.dll'
    selection_cmdlet:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - 'Import-Module '
            - 'ipmo '
    selection_dll:
        CommandLine|contains: 'Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.dll'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the library for administrative activity
level: medium

title: Potential ClickFix Execution Pattern - Registry
id: f5fe36cf-f1ec-4c23-903d-09a3110f6bbb
related:
    - id: d487ed4a-fd24-436d-a0b2-f4e95f7b2635
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects potential ClickFix malware execution patterns by monitoring registry modifications in RunMRU keys containing HTTP/HTTPS links.
    ClickFix is known to be distributed through phishing campaigns and uses techniques like clipboard hijacking and fake CAPTCHA pages.
    Through the fakecaptcha pages, the adversary tricks users into opening the Run dialog box and pasting clipboard-hijacked content,
    such as one-liners that execute remotely hosted malicious files or scripts.
references:
    - https://github.com/JohnHammond/recaptcha-phish
    - https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/deepseek-lure-using-captchas-spread-malware
    - https://www.threatdown.com/blog/clipboard-hijacker-tries-to-install-a-trojan/
    - https://app.any.run/tasks/5c16b4db-4b36-4039-a0ed-9b09abff8be2
    - https://www.esentire.com/security-advisories/netsupport-rat-clickfix-distribution
    - https://medium.com/@boutnaru/the-windows-foreniscs-journey-run-mru-run-dialog-box-most-recently-used-57375a02d724
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/preventing-clickfix-attack-vector/
    - https://medium.com/@poudelswachchhanda123/preventing-lnk-and-fakecaptcha-threats-a-system-hardening-approach-2f7b7ed2e493
    - https://www.scpx.com.au/2025/11/16/decades-old-finger-protocol-abused-in-clickfix-malware-attacks/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-03-25
modified: 2025-11-19
tags:
    - attack.execution
    - attack.t1204.001
logsource:
    category: registry_set
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_registry:
        TargetObject|contains: '\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU\'
    selection_details:
        Details|contains:
            - 'http://'
            - 'https://'
    selection_susp_pattern:
        - Details|contains:
              # Add more suspicious keywords
              - 'account'
              - 'anti-bot'
              - 'botcheck'
              - 'captcha'
              - 'challenge'
              - 'confirmation'
              - 'fraud'
              - 'human'
              - 'identification'
              - 'identificator'
              - 'identity'
              - 'robot'
              - 'validation'
              - 'verification'
              - 'verify'
        - Details|contains:
              - '%comspec%'
              - 'bitsadmin'
              - 'certutil'
              - 'cmd'
              - 'cscript'
              - 'curl'
              - 'finger'
              - 'mshta'
              - 'powershell'
              - 'pwsh'
              - 'regsvr32'
              - 'rundll32'
              - 'schtasks'
              - 'wget'
              - 'wscript'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate applications using RunMRU with HTTP links
level: high

title: Potential DLL Sideloading Of KeyScramblerIE.DLL Via KeyScrambler.EXE
id: d2451be2-b582-4e15-8701-4196ac180260
related:
    - id: ca5583e9-8f80-46ac-ab91-7f314d13b984
      type: similar
status: test
description: |
    Detects potential DLL side loading of "KeyScramblerIE.dll" by "KeyScrambler.exe".
    Various threat actors and malware have been found side loading a masqueraded "KeyScramblerIE.dll" through "KeyScrambler.exe".
references:
    - https://thehackernews.com/2024/03/two-chinese-apt-groups-ramp-up-cyber.html
    - https://csirt-cti.net/2024/02/01/stately-taurus-continued-new-information-on-cyberespionage-attacks-against-myanmar-military-junta/
    - https://bazaar.abuse.ch/sample/5cb9876681f78d3ee8a01a5aaa5d38b05ec81edc48b09e3865b75c49a2187831/
    - https://twitter.com/Max_Mal_/status/1775222576639291859
    - https://twitter.com/DTCERT/status/1712785426895839339
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel
date: 2024-04-15
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1574.001
logsource:
    category: image_load
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\KeyScrambler.exe'
            - '\KeyScramblerLogon.exe'
        ImageLoaded|endswith: '\KeyScramblerIE.dll'
    filter_main_legitimate_path:
        Image|contains:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\KeyScrambler\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\KeyScrambler\'
        ImageLoaded|contains:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\KeyScrambler\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\KeyScrambler\'
    filter_main_signature:
        Signature: 'QFX Software Corporation'
        SignatureStatus: 'Valid'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential Emotet Rundll32 Execution
id: 54e57ce3-0672-46eb-a402-2c0948d5e3e9
status: test
description: Detecting Emotet DLL loading by looking for rundll32.exe processes with command lines ending in ,RunDLL or ,Control_RunDLL
references:
    - https://paste.cryptolaemus.com/emotet/2020/12/22/emotet-malware-IoCs_12-22-20.html
    - https://cyber.wtf/2021/11/15/guess-whos-back/
author: FPT.EagleEye
date: 2020-12-25
modified: 2023-02-21
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1218.011
    - detection.emerging-threats
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\rundll32.exe'
        - OriginalFileName: 'RUNDLL32.EXE'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - ',RunDLL'
            - ',Control_RunDLL'
            # - ',#1'  too generic - function load by ordinal is not Emotet specific
    filter_legitimate_dll:
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - '.dll,Control_RunDLL'
            - '.dll",Control_RunDLL'
            - '.dll'',Control_RunDLL'
    filter_ide:
        ParentImage|endswith: '\tracker.exe' # When Visual Studio compile NodeJS program, it might use MSBuild to create tracker.exe and then, the tracker.exe fork rundll32.exe
    condition: all of selection_* and not 1 of filter_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

title: Potential Excel.EXE DCOM Lateral Movement Via ActivateMicrosoftApp
id: 551d9c1f-816c-445b-a7a6-7a3864720d60
status: test
description: |
    Detects suspicious child processes of Excel which could be an indicator of lateral movement leveraging the "ActivateMicrosoftApp" Excel DCOM object.
references:
    - https://posts.specterops.io/lateral-movement-abuse-the-power-of-dcom-excel-application-3c016d0d9922
    - https://github.com/grayhatkiller/SharpExShell
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.xlmsapplication
author: Aaron Stratton
date: 2023-11-13
tags:
    - attack.t1021.003
    - attack.lateral-movement
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_parent:
        ParentImage|endswith: '\excel.exe'
    selection_child:
        - OriginalFileName:
          - 'foxprow.exe'
          - 'schdplus.exe'
          - 'winproj.exe'
        - Image|endswith:
          - '\foxprow.exe'
          - '\schdplus.exe'
          - '\winproj.exe'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potential Raspberry Robin Aclui Dll SideLoading
id: 0f3a9db2-c17a-480e-a723-d1f1c547ab6a
status: test
description: |
    Detects potential sideloading of malicious "aclui.dll" by OleView.This behavior was observed in Raspberry-Robin variants reported by chekpoint research on Feburary 2024.
references:
    - https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/raspberry-robin-keeps-riding-the-wave-of-endless-1-days/
    - https://globetech.biz/index.php/2023/05/19/evading-edr-by-dll-sideloading-in-csharp/
    - https://decoded.avast.io/threatintel/apt-treasure-trove-avast-suspects-chinese-apt-group-mustang-panda-is-collecting-data-from-burmese-government-agencies-and-opposition-groups/
    - https://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2016/03/10/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-36/
    - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/aclui.dll-F883E9CA757B622B032FDCA5BF33D0DF.html
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel
date: 2024-07-31
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.privilege-escalation
    - attack.execution
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1574.001
    - detection.emerging-threats
logsource:
    category: image_load
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\OleView.exe'
        ImageLoaded|endswith: '\aclui.dll'
    filter_main_legit_oleview_paths:
        Image|startswith:
            - 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\'
            - 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\'
    filter_optional_known_oleview_paths:
        Image|contains: '\Windows Resource Kit\'
    filter_main_is_signed:
        Signed: 'true'
    condition: selection and not 1 of filter_main_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high

title: Potentially Suspicious Child Processes Spawned by ConHost
id: dfa03a09-8b92-4d83-8e74-f72839b1c407
related:
    - id: 7dc2dedd-7603-461a-bc13-15803d132355
      type: similar
status: experimental
description: Detects suspicious child processes related to Windows Shell utilities spawned by `conhost.exe`, which could indicate malicious activity using trusted system components.
references:
    - https://tria.ge/241015-l98snsyeje/behavioral2
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-02-05
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1202
    - attack.t1218
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_parent:
        ParentImage|endswith: '\conhost.exe'
    selection_child:
        - Image|endswith:
              - '\cmd.exe'             # Windows Command Prompt
              - '\cscript.exe'         # Windows Script Host (used for scripting exploits)
              - '\mshta.exe'           # MSHTA (HTML Application Host, often abused)
              - '\powershell_ise.exe'  # PowerShell ISE
              - '\powershell.exe'      # Windows PowerShell
              - '\pwsh.exe'            # PowerShell Core
              - '\regsvr32.exe'        # Windows Registry Server (commonly used for exploits)
              - '\wscript.exe'         # Windows Script Host (for executing scripts)
        - OriginalFileName:
              - 'cmd.exe'
              - 'cscript.exe'
              - 'mshta.exe'
              - 'powershell_ise.exe'
              - 'powershell.exe'
              - 'pwsh.dll'
              - 'regsvr32.exe'
              - 'wscript.exe'
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative tasks using `conhost.exe` to spawn child processes such as `cmd.exe`, `powershell.exe`, or `regsvr32.exe`.
level: high