Potential Persistence Via Microsoft Office Add-In

Status: test
Severity: high
Log source: product windows, category file_event
Author: NVISO
Source: github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma

Detects potential persistence activity via startup add-ins that load when Microsoft Office starts (.wll/.xll are simply .dll fit for Word or Excel).

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Persistence	`T1137.006` Office Application Startup: Add-ins

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
Sysmon	Event ID 11	FileCreate

Rule body yaml

title: Potential Persistence Via Microsoft Office Add-In
id: 8e1cb247-6cf6-42fa-b440-3f27d57e9936
status: test
description: Detects potential persistence activity via startup add-ins that load when Microsoft Office starts (.wll/.xll are simply .dll fit for Word or Excel).
references:
    - Internal Research
    - https://labs.withsecure.com/publications/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/4ae9580a1a8772db87a1b6cdb0d03e5af231e966/atomics/T1137.006/T1137.006.md
author: NVISO
date: 2020-05-11
modified: 2023-02-08
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1137.006
logsource:
    category: file_event
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_wlldropped:
        TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Word\Startup\'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.wll'
    selection_xlldropped:
        TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Excel\Startup\'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.xll'
    selection_xladropped:
        TargetFilename|contains: 'Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\'
        TargetFilename|endswith: '.xlam'
    selection_generic:
        TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Addins\'
        TargetFilename|endswith:
            - '.xlam'
            - '.xla'
            - '.ppam'
    condition: 1 of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate add-ins
level: high

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

1 of selection_*

Stage 1: `selection_wlldropped`

selection_wlldropped:
    TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Word\Startup\'
    TargetFilename|endswith: '.wll'

Stage 2: `selection_xlldropped`

selection_xlldropped:
    TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Excel\Startup\'
    TargetFilename|endswith: '.xll'

Stage 3: `selection_xladropped`

selection_xladropped:
    TargetFilename|contains: 'Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\'
    TargetFilename|endswith: '.xlam'

Stage 4: `selection_generic`

selection_generic:
    TargetFilename|contains: '\Microsoft\Addins\'
    TargetFilename|endswith:
        - '.xlam'
        - '.xla'
        - '.ppam'

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`TargetFilename`	ends_with	`.ppam` `.wll` `.xla` `.xlam` `.xll` corpus 2 (sigma 1, splunk 1)
`TargetFilename`	match	`Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART\` `\Microsoft\Addins\` `\Microsoft\Excel\Startup\` `\Microsoft\Word\Startup\`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Potential Persistence Via Microsoft Office Add-In

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_wlldropped`

Stage 2: `selection_xlldropped`

Stage 3: `selection_xladropped`

Stage 4: `selection_generic`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Potential Persistence Via Microsoft Office Add-In

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection_wlldropped

Stage 2: selection_xlldropped

Stage 3: selection_xladropped

Stage 4: selection_generic

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_wlldropped`

Stage 2: `selection_xlldropped`

Stage 3: `selection_xladropped`

Stage 4: `selection_generic`