Low Reputation Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD)

Status: experimental
Severity: medium
Log source: category dns
Author: Norbert Jaśniewicz (AlphaSOC)
Source: github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma

Detects DNS queries to domains within known low reputation eTLDs. This rule uses AlphaSOC's threat intelligence data and is updated on a monthly basis.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Command & Control	`T1071.004` Application Layer Protocol: DNS

Rule body yaml

title: Low Reputation Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD)
id: cf5ee356-65c4-4556-8d11-6977fcdfed4b
status: experimental
description: Detects DNS queries to domains within known low reputation eTLDs. This rule uses AlphaSOC's threat intelligence data and is updated on a monthly basis.
references:
    - https://feeds.alphasoc.net/bad-etlds.txt
author: Norbert Jaśniewicz (AlphaSOC)
date: 2025-08-04
tags:
    - attack.command-and-control
    - attack.t1071.004
    - attack.initial-access
    - detection.threat-hunting
logsource:
    category: dns
detection:
    selection:
        query|endswith:
            - '.duckdns.org'
            - '.top'
            - '.ddns.net'
            - '.gl.at.ply.gg'
            - '.portmap.io'
            - '.icu'
            - '.zapto.org'
            - '.live'
            - '.hopto.org'
            - '.portmap.host'
            - '.sbs'
            - '.sytes.net'
            - '.click'
            - '.ydns.eu'
            - '.site'
            - '.cloud'
            - '.no-ip.org'
            - '.kozow.com'
            - '.lat'
            - '.pro'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: medium

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

selection

Stage 1: `selection`

selection:
    query|endswith:
        - '.duckdns.org'
        - '.top'
        - '.ddns.net'
        - '.gl.at.ply.gg'
        - '.portmap.io'
        - '.icu'
        - '.zapto.org'
        - '.live'
        - '.hopto.org'
        - '.portmap.host'
        - '.sbs'
        - '.sytes.net'
        - '.click'
        - '.ydns.eu'
        - '.site'
        - '.cloud'
        - '.no-ip.org'
        - '.kozow.com'
        - '.lat'
        - '.pro'

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`query`	ends_with	`.click` `.cloud` `.ddns.net` `.duckdns.org` `.gl.at.ply.gg` `.hopto.org` `.icu` `.kozow.com` `.lat` `.live` `.no-ip.org` `.portmap.host` `.portmap.io` `.pro` `.sbs` `.site` `.sytes.net` `.top` `.ydns.eu` `.zapto.org`

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Low Reputation Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Low Reputation Effective Top-Level Domain (eTLD)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`