CodePage Modification Via MODE.COM To Russian Language

Status: test
Severity: medium
Log source: product windows, category process_creation
Author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk
Source: github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma

Detects a CodePage modification using the "mode.com" utility to Russian language. This behavior has been used by threat actors behind Dharma ransomware.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Stealth	`T1036` Masquerading

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
Sysmon	Event ID 1	Process creation

Rule body yaml

title: CodePage Modification Via MODE.COM To Russian Language
id: 12fbff88-16b5-4b42-9754-cd001a789fb3
related:
    - id: d48c5ffa-3b02-4c0f-9a9e-3c275650dd0e
      type: derived
status: test
description: |
    Detects a CodePage modification using the "mode.com" utility to Russian language.
    This behavior has been used by threat actors behind Dharma ransomware.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mode
    - https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/mode.com-59D1ED51ACB8C3D50F1306FD75F20E99.html
    - https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/5e75ef02517afd6e8ba6462b19217dc4a5a574abb33d10eb0f2bab49d8d48c22/behavior
author: Joseliyo Sanchez, @Joseliyo_Jstnk
date: 2024-01-17
tags:
    - attack.stealth
    - attack.t1036
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    # VT Query: behavior:"mode con cp select=1251"
    # VT Query: behavior:"mode con cp select=866"
    selection_img:
        - Image|endswith: '\mode.com'
        - OriginalFileName: 'MODE.COM'
    selection_cli:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - ' con '
            - ' cp '
            - ' select='
        CommandLine|endswith:
            - '=1251' # ANSI Cyrillic; Cyrillic (Windows) - Observed ITW by Dharma ransomware
            - '=866' # OEM Russian; Cyrillic (DOS) - Observed ITW by other malware
    condition: all of selection_*
falsepositives:
    - Russian speaking people changing the CodePage
level: medium

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

all of selection_*

Stage 1: `selection_img`

selection_img:
    - Image|endswith: '\mode.com'
    - OriginalFileName: 'MODE.COM'

Stage 2: `selection_cli`

selection_cli:
    CommandLine|contains|all:
        - ' con '
        - ' cp '
        - ' select='
    CommandLine|endswith:
        - '=1251'
        - '=866'

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`CommandLine`	ends_with	`=1251` `=866`
`CommandLine`	match	`con` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `cp` corpus 8 (sigma 6, elastic 1, chronicle 1) `select=` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`Image`	ends_with	`\mode.com` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`OriginalFileName`	eq	`MODE.COM` corpus 2 (sigma 2)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

CodePage Modification Via MODE.COM To Russian Language

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_img`

Stage 2: `selection_cli`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

CodePage Modification Via MODE.COM To Russian Language

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection_img

Stage 2: selection_cli

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_img`

Stage 2: `selection_cli`