File or Folder Permissions Modifications

Status: test
Severity: medium
Log source: product windows, category process_creation
Author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
Source: github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma

Detects a file or folder's permissions being modified or tampered with.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Defense Impairment	`T1222.001` File and Directory Permissions Modification: Windows Permissions

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
Sysmon	Event ID 1	Process creation
Security-Auditing	Event ID 4688	A new process has been created.

Rule body yaml

title: File or Folder Permissions Modifications
id: 37ae075c-271b-459b-8d7b-55ad5f993dd8
status: test
description: Detects a file or folder's permissions being modified or tampered with.
references:
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/f339e7da7d05f6057fdfcdd3742bfcf365fee2a9/atomics/T1222.001/T1222.001.md
    - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh750728(v=ws.11)
    - https://github.com/swagkarna/Defeat-Defender-V1.2.0/tree/ae4059c4276da6f6303b8f53cdff085ecae88a91
author: Jakob Weinzettl, oscd.community, Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
date: 2019-10-23
modified: 2023-11-21
tags:
    - attack.defense-impairment
    - attack.t1222.001
    - detection.threat-hunting
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_1:
        Image|endswith:
            - '\cacls.exe'
            - '\icacls.exe'
            - '\net.exe' # "grant" Option available when used with "net share"
            - '\net1.exe' # "grant" Option available when used with "net share"
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '/grant'
            - '/setowner'
            - '/inheritance:r' # Remove all inherited ACEs
    selection_2:
        Image|endswith: '\attrib.exe'
        CommandLine|contains: '-r'
    selection_3:
        Image|endswith: '\takeown.exe' # If this generates FP in your environment. Comment it out or add more suspicious flags and locations
    filter_optional_dynatrace_1:
        CommandLine|endswith: 'ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\connectivity.history /reset'
    filter_optional_dynatrace_2:
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\config.properties /grant :r '
            - 'S-1-5-19:F'
    filter_optional_vscode:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - '\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code'
            - ':\Program Files\Microsoft VS Code'
    filter_optional_avira:
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ':\Program Files (x86)\Avira'
            - ':\Program Files\Avira'
    condition: 1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*
falsepositives:
    - Users interacting with the files on their own (unlikely unless privileged users).
    - Dynatrace app
level: medium

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

1 of selection_* and not 1 of filter_optional_*

Stage 1: `selection_1`

selection_1:
    Image|endswith:
        - '\cacls.exe'
        - '\icacls.exe'
        - '\net.exe'
        - '\net1.exe'
    CommandLine|contains:
        - '/grant'
        - '/setowner'
        - '/inheritance:r'

Stage 2: `selection_2`

selection_2:
    Image|endswith: '\attrib.exe'
    CommandLine|contains: '-r'

Stage 3: `selection_3`

selection_3:
    Image|endswith: '\takeown.exe'

Stage 4: `not filter_optional_*`

filter_optional_dynatrace_1:
    CommandLine|endswith: 'ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\connectivity.history /reset'
filter_optional_dynatrace_2:
    CommandLine|contains|all:
        - 'ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\config.properties /grant :r '
        - 'S-1-5-19:F'
filter_optional_vscode:
    CommandLine|contains:
        - '\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code'
        - ':\Program Files\Microsoft VS Code'
filter_optional_avira:
    CommandLine|contains:
        - ':\Program Files (x86)\Avira'
        - ':\Program Files\Avira'

Exclusions

Top-level NOT(...) conjuncts: predicates this rule actively suppresses.

Field	Kind	Excluded values
`CommandLine`	match	`ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\config.properties /grant :r`
`CommandLine`	match	`S-1-5-19:F`
`CommandLine`	ends_with	`ICACLS C:\ProgramData\dynatrace\gateway\config\connectivity.history /reset`
`CommandLine`	match	`:\Program Files (x86)\Avira`
`CommandLine`	match	`:\Program Files\Avira`
`CommandLine`	match	`:\Program Files\Microsoft VS Code`
`CommandLine`	match	`\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft VS Code`

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`CommandLine`	match	`-r` corpus 13 (sigma 9, kusto 4) `/grant` `/inheritance:r` corpus 2 (sigma 1, splunk 1) `/setowner`
`Image`	ends_with	`\attrib.exe` corpus 5 (sigma 5) `\cacls.exe` `\icacls.exe` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `\net.exe` corpus 49 (sigma 49) `\net1.exe` corpus 47 (sigma 47) `\takeown.exe` corpus 2 (sigma 2)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

File or Folder Permissions Modifications

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_1`

Stage 2: `selection_2`

Stage 3: `selection_3`

Stage 4: `not filter_optional_*`

Exclusions

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

File or Folder Permissions Modifications

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection_1

Stage 2: selection_2

Stage 3: selection_3

Stage 4: not filter_optional_*

Exclusions

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_1`

Stage 2: `selection_2`

Stage 3: `selection_3`

Stage 4: `not filter_optional_*`