SQL Server - Brutforce enumeration with non existing users (login)

Status: experimental
Severity: high
Time window: 30m
Log source: product mssql, category application
Author: mdecrevoisier
Source: github.com/mdecrevoisier/SIGMA-detection-rules

Detects scenarios where an attacker attempts to enumerate potential existing SQL users, resulting in failed logins with unexisting or invalid accounts.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Credential Access	`T1110` Brute Force

Event coverage

Provider	Event
MSSQLSERVER	Event ID 33205

Rule body yaml

title: SQL Server - Brutforce enumeration with non existing users (login)
description: Detects scenarios where an attacker attempts to enumerate potential existing SQL users, resulting in failed logins with unexisting or invalid accounts.
references:
- https://github.com/mdecrevoisier/EVTX-to-MITRE-Attack/tree/master/TA0006-Credential%20Access/T1110.xxx-Brut%20force
- https://www.eraofdata.com/sql-server/connectivity/login-failures/
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/sql/sql-server-2008-r2/ms366351(v=sql.105)
tags:
- attack.credential_access
- attack.t1110
author: mdecrevoisier
status: experimental
logsource:
  product: mssql
  category: application
detection:
  selection:
    EventID: 33205
    action_id:
      - LGFL # FAILED_LOGIN_GROUP
      - LGIF # LOGIN FAILED
    class_type: LX # LOGIN
    additional_information|contains:
      - "<state>2</state>" # User ID is not valid
      - "<state>5</state>" # Login not found
  condition: selection | count(server_principal_name) by Computer > 20
  timeframe: 30m
falsepositives:
- Missconfigured application
level: high

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

selection | count(server_principal_name) by Computer > 20

Stage 1: `selection`

selection:
  EventID: 33205
  action_id:
    - LGFL
    - LGIF
  class_type: LX
  additional_information|contains:
    - "<state>2</state>"
    - "<state>5</state>"

Threshold: > 20

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`action_id`	eq	`LGFL` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `LGIF` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`additional_information`	match	`<state>2</state>` `<state>5</state>`
`class_type`	eq	`LX` corpus 2 (sigma 2)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

SQL Server - Brutforce enumeration with non existing users (login)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`

Indicators

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Search operators

SQL Server - Brutforce enumeration with non existing users (login)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`