Potential SAM database user credentials dumped with DCshadow

Status: experimental
Severity: high
Log source: product windows, service security
Author: mdecrevoisier
Source: github.com/mdecrevoisier/SIGMA-detection-rules

Detects scenarios where an attacker would dump user passwords using the DCshadow attack.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Credential Access	`T1003.001` OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
Security-Auditing	Event ID 4661	A handle to an object was requested.

Rule body yaml

title: Potential SAM database user credentials dumped with DCshadow
description: Detects scenarios where an attacker would dump user passwords using the DCshadow attack.
correlation: correlate TargetLogonId from ID 4624 with SubjectLogonId from ID 4661 to identify the source of the enumeration.
requirements: extended rights auditing enabled (https://www.manageengine.com/products/active-directory-audit/active-directory-auditing-configuration-guide-configure-object-level-auditing-manually.html)
references:
- https://github.com/mdecrevoisier/EVTX-to-MITRE-Attack/tree/master/TA0006-Credential%20Access/T1003-Credential%20dumping
- https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/t1207-creating-rogue-domain-controllers-with-dcshadow
- https://medium.com/@maarten.goet/dcshadow-detecting-a-rogue-domain-controller-replicating-malicious-changes-to-your-active-1e22440df9ad
- https://github.com/AlsidOfficial/UncoverDCShadow
- https://github.com/shellster/DCSYNCMonitor
- https://blog.alsid.eu/dcshadow-explained-4510f52fc19d
- https://stealthbits.com/blog/detecting-dcshadow-with-event-logs/
- https://www.labofapenetrationtester.com/2018/05/dcshadow-sacl.html
- https://blog.stealthbits.com/creating-persistence-with-dcshadow/
- https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows/active-directory-methodology/dcshadow
tags:
- attack.credential_access
- attack.t1003.001
author: mdecrevoisier
status: experimental
logsource:
  product: windows
  service: security
detection:
  selection:
    EventID: 4661
    SubjectUserSid: S-1-5-18
    ProcessName|endswith: '\lsass.exe'
    ObjectServer: Security Account Manager
    ObjectType:
      - SAM_SERVER
      - SAM_DOMAIN
    ObjectName|startswith:
      - CN=
      - DC=
    AccessList|contains|all:
      - '%%5392' # ReadPasswordParameters
      - '%%5447' # SetPassword
  condition: selection | count(ObjectName) by Computer > 10
falsepositives:
- None
level: high

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

selection | count(ObjectName) by Computer > 10

Stage 1: `selection`

selection:
  EventID: 4661
  SubjectUserSid: S-1-5-18
  ProcessName|endswith: '\lsass.exe'
  ObjectServer: Security Account Manager
  ObjectType:
    - SAM_SERVER
    - SAM_DOMAIN
  ObjectName|startswith:
    - CN=
    - DC=
  AccessList|contains|all:
    - '%%5392'
    - '%%5447'

Threshold: > 10

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`AccessList`	match	`%%5392` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `%%5447` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`ObjectName`	starts_with	`CN=` `DC=` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`ObjectServer`	eq	`Security Account Manager` corpus 7 (sigma 7)
`ObjectType`	eq	`SAM_DOMAIN` corpus 3 (sigma 3) `SAM_SERVER`
`ProcessName`	ends_with	`\lsass.exe` corpus 7 (sigma 7)
`SubjectUserSid`	eq	`S-1-5-18` corpus 4 (sigma 2, elastic 1, splunk 1)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Potential SAM database user credentials dumped with DCshadow

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Potential SAM database user credentials dumped with DCshadow

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection`