Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) installation (PowerShell)

Status: experimental
Severity: medium
Log source: product windows, category ['ps_module', 'ps_classic_script', 'ps_script']
Author: mdecrevoisier
Source: github.com/mdecrevoisier/SIGMA-detection-rules

Detects scenarios where an attacker enables the WSL to cary out malicious activities in a virtual instance to avoid detection.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Stealth	`T1564.006` Hide Artifacts: Run Virtual Instance

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
PowerShell	Event ID 4103	Payload Context: ContextInfo User Data: UserData.
PowerShell	Event ID 4104	Creating Scriptblock text (MessageNumber of MessageTotal).

Rule body yaml

title: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) installation (PowerShell)
description: Detects scenarios where an attacker enables the WSL to cary out malicious activities in a virtual instance to avoid detection.
references:
- https://www.hackers-arise.com/post/linux-basics-for-hackers-part-13-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-wsl
- https://linuxhint.com/enable-wsl-optional-component/
- https://blog.lumen.com/no-longer-just-theory-black-lotus-labs-uncovers-linux-executables-deployed-as-stealth-windows-loaders/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/
tags:
- attack.defense_evasion
- attack.t1564.006
author: mdecrevoisier
status: experimental
logsource:
  product: windows
  category:
    - ps_module
    - ps_classic_script
    - ps_script
detection: # full command "Enable-windowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux"
  selection2_powershell_modern:
    EventID: 4103
    Payload|contains:
      - 'Enable-windowsOptionalFeature'
      - 'Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux'

  selection3_powershell_block:
    EventID: 4104
    ScriptBlockText|contains:
      - 'Enable-windowsOptionalFeature'
      - 'Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux'

  condition: 1 of selection*
falsepositives:
- developer computer (with Visual Studio Code)
- administrator activity
level: medium

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

1 of selection*

Stage 1: `selection2_powershell_modern`

selection2_powershell_modern:
  EventID: 4103
  Payload|contains:
    - 'Enable-windowsOptionalFeature'
    - 'Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux'

Stage 2: `selection3_powershell_block`

selection3_powershell_block:
  EventID: 4104
  ScriptBlockText|contains:
    - 'Enable-windowsOptionalFeature'
    - 'Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux'

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`Payload`	match	`Enable-windowsOptionalFeature` `Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux`
`ScriptBlockText`	match	`Enable-windowsOptionalFeature` corpus 3 (sigma 2, splunk 1) `Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux` corpus 2 (sigma 2)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) installation (PowerShell)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection2_powershell_modern`

Stage 2: `selection3_powershell_block`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) installation (PowerShell)

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection2_powershell_modern

Stage 2: selection3_powershell_block

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection2_powershell_modern`

Stage 2: `selection3_powershell_block`