ESXi Shared or Stolen Root Account

name: ESXi Shared or Stolen Root Account
id: 1bc8f235-5d7c-457c-95ca-5e92edcb52ea
version: 4
creation_date: '2025-07-11'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Raven Tait, Splunk
status: production
type: Anomaly
description: This detection monitors for signs of a shared or potentially compromised root account on ESXi hosts by tracking the number of unique IP addresses logging in as root within a short time window. Multiple logins from different IPs in a brief period may indicate credential misuse, lateral movement, or account compromise.
data_source:
    - VMWare ESXi Syslog
search: '`esxi_syslog` Message="*root*" Message="*logged in*" NOT Message="*root@127.0.0.1*" | rex field=_raw "root@(?<SrcIpAddr>\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})" | rex field=_raw "Z (?<dest>[\w\.]+)\s" | bin _time span=15m | stats min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime dc(SrcIpAddr) AS distinct_ip_count values(SrcIpAddr) AS SrcIps by dest | where distinct_ip_count > 1 | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` | `esxi_shared_or_stolen_root_account_filter`'
how_to_implement: This is based on syslog data generated by VMware ESXi hosts. To implement this search, you must configure your ESXi systems to forward logs to your Splunk deployment. These logs must be ingested with the appropriate Splunk Technology Add-on for VMware ESXi Logs, which provides field extractions and CIM compatibility.
known_false_positives: Limited false positives in most environments, however tune as needed
references:
    - https://detect.fyi/detecting-and-responding-to-esxi-compromise-with-splunk-f33998ce7823
intermediate_findings:
    entities:
        - field: dest
          type: system
          score: 20
          message: Root login from multiple IPs on ESXi host $dest$.
analytic_story:
    - ESXi Post Compromise
    - Black Basta Ransomware
asset_type: Infrastructure
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1078
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: application
security_domain: endpoint