O365 Mailbox Folder Read Permission Assigned

name: O365 Mailbox Folder Read Permission Assigned
id: 1435475e-2128-4417-a34f-59770733b0d5
version: 11
creation_date: '2024-04-17'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Mauricio Velazco, Splunk
status: production
type: TTP
description: The following analytic identifies instances where read permissions are assigned to mailbox folders within an Office 365 environment. It leverages the `o365_management_activity` data source, specifically monitoring the `ModifyFolderPermissions` and `AddFolderPermissions` operations, while excluding Calendar, Contacts, and PersonMetadata objects. This activity is significant as unauthorized read permissions can lead to data exposure and potential information leakage. If confirmed malicious, an attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive emails, leading to data breaches and compromising the confidentiality of organizational communications.
data_source:
    - O365 ModifyFolderPermissions
search: "`o365_management_activity` Workload=Exchange (Operation=ModifyFolderPermissions OR Operation=AddFolderPermissions) Workload=Exchange object!=Calendar object!=Contacts object!=PersonMetadata | eval isReadRole=if(match('Item.ParentFolder.MemberRights',\"(ReadAny)\"), \"true\", \"false\") | rename UserId as user | stats count earliest(_time) as firstTime latest(_time) as lastTime by signature user object dest Item.ParentFolder.MemberUpn Item.ParentFolder.MemberRights src vendor_account vendor_product | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` | `o365_mailbox_folder_read_permission_assigned_filter`"
how_to_implement: You must install the Splunk Microsoft Office 365 Add-on and ingest Office 365 management activity events.
known_false_positives: Mailbox folder permissions may be configured for legitimate purposes, filter as needed.
references:
    - https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002/
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/exchange_server_protocols/ms-oxodlgt/5610c6e6-3268-44e3-adff-8804f5315946
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/purview/audit-mailboxes
finding:
    title: A folder was granted read permission by $user$
    entity:
        field: user
        type: user
        score: 50
analytic_story:
    - Office 365 Collection Techniques
asset_type: O365 Tenant
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1098.002
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: cloud
security_domain: audit