Windows PowerShell IIS Components WebGlobalModule Usage

name: Windows PowerShell IIS Components WebGlobalModule Usage
id: 33fc9f6f-0ce7-4696-924e-a69ec61a3d57
version: 13
creation_date: '2022-12-21'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Michael Haag, Splunk
status: production
type: Anomaly
description: The following analytic detects the usage of PowerShell Cmdlets - New-WebGlobalModule, Enable-WebGlobalModule, and Set-WebGlobalModule, which are used to create, enable, or modify IIS Modules. This detection leverages PowerShell Script Block Logging, specifically monitoring EventCode 4104 for these cmdlets. This activity is significant as adversaries may use these lesser-known cmdlets to manipulate IIS configurations, similar to AppCmd.exe, potentially bypassing traditional defenses. If confirmed malicious, this could allow attackers to persist in the environment, manipulate web server behavior, or escalate privileges.
data_source:
    - Powershell Script Block Logging 4104
search: |-
    `powershell` EventCode=4104 ScriptBlockText IN("*New-WebGlobalModule*","*Enable-WebGlobalModule*","*Set-WebGlobalModule*")
      | fillnull
      | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime
        BY dest signature signature_id
           user_id vendor_product EventID
           Guid Opcode Name
           Path ProcessID ScriptBlockId
           ScriptBlockText
      | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
      | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
      | `windows_powershell_iis_components_webglobalmodule_usage_filter`
how_to_implement: To successfully implement this analytic, you will need to enable PowerShell Script Block Logging on some or all endpoints. Additional setup here https://help.splunk.com/en/security-offerings/splunk-user-behavior-analytics/get-data-in/5.4.1/add-other-data-to-splunk-uba/configure-powershell-logging-to-see-powershell-anomalies-in-splunk-uba.
known_false_positives: It is possible administrators or scripts may run these commands, filtering may be required.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/webadministration/new-webglobalmodule?view=windowsserver2022-ps
    - https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/12/12/iis-modules-the-evolution-of-web-shells-and-how-to-detect-them/
    - https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/crowdstrike-iceapple-a-novel-internet-information-services-post-exploitation-framework-1.pdf
    - https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/
    - https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union
    - https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/tree/master/atomics/T1505.004
intermediate_findings:
    entities:
        - field: dest
          type: system
          score: 20
          message: A PowerShell Cmdlet related to enabling, creating or modifying a IIS module has occurred on $dest$.
analytic_story:
    - GhostRedirector IIS Module and Rungan Backdoor
    - IIS Components
asset_type: Endpoint
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1505.004
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: endpoint
security_domain: endpoint