Windows SQL Server Configuration Option Hunt

name: Windows SQL Server Configuration Option Hunt
id: 8dc9efd5-805a-460e-889e-bc79e5477af9
version: 5
creation_date: '2025-02-13'
modification_date: '2026-05-13'
author: Michael Haag, Splunk, sidoyle from Splunk Community
status: production
type: Hunting
description: This detection helps hunt for changes to SQL Server configuration options that could indicate malicious activity. It monitors for modifications to any SQL Server configuration settings, allowing analysts to identify potentially suspicious changes that may be part of an attack, such as enabling dangerous features or modifying security-relevant settings.
data_source:
    - Windows Event Log Application 15457
search: |-
    `wineventlog_application` EventCode=15457
      | rex field=EventData_Xml "<Data>(?<config_name>[^<]+)</Data><Data>(?<old_value>[^<]+)</Data><Data>(?<new_value>[^<]+)</Data>"
      | rename host as dest
      | eval change_type=case( old_value="0" AND new_value="1", "enabled", old_value="1" AND new_value="0", "disabled", true(), "modified" )
      | eval risk_score=case( change_type="enabled", 90, change_type="disabled", 60, true(), 70 )
      | eval risk_message="SQL Server ".config_name." was ".change_type." on host ".dest
      | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime
        BY dest EventCode config_name
           change_type risk_message risk_score
      | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
      | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
      | `windows_sql_server_configuration_option_hunt_filter`
how_to_implement: To successfully implement this detection, you need to be ingesting Windows Application Event Logs from SQL Server instances. The detection specifically looks for EventID 15457 which indicates configuration changes to SQL Server settings. Ensure proper logging is enabled for SQL Server configuration changes and that the logs are being forwarded to your SIEM.
known_false_positives: Database administrators frequently make legitimate configuration changes for maintenance, performance tuning, and security hardening. To reduce false positives, establish a baseline of normal configuration changes, document approved configuration modifications, implement change control procedures, and maintain an inventory of expected settings.
references:
    - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/server-configuration-options-sql-server
    - https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/001/
    - https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/
analytic_story:
    - SQL Server Abuse
asset_type: Windows
mitre_attack_id:
    - T1505.001
product:
    - Splunk Enterprise
    - Splunk Enterprise Security
    - Splunk Cloud
category: endpoint
security_domain: endpoint
tests:
    - name: True Positive Test
      attack_data:
        - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1505.001/simulation/windows-application.log
          sourcetype: XmlWinEventLog
          source: XmlWinEventLog:Application
      test_type: unit